Steps of Transcription and translation

Question 1

transcription

Answer 1

1. initiation - RNA polymerase binds to gene promoter, unwinds double helix.
2. elongation - complementary RNA nucleotides are added
3. termination - RNA polymerase comes to a stop signal, and transcription stops. mRNA detaches from the DNA

Question 2

translation

Answer 2

1. activation - correct amino acids are linked to the correct tRNA molecules.
2. initiation - initiation complex is formed consisting of ribosome, mRNA, and initiator tRNA
3. elongation - a tRNA brings the next amino acid. Peptide bond is formed between the amino acids. The process continues, and the peptide chain becomes longer.
4. termination - when the codon in the A site is a stop codon, a release factor binds to the site, and translation stops. protein is separated from the ribosome.