STEPS IN VIRAL REPLICATION

Question 1

Steps in Viral Replication
(APUMVL)

Answer 1

1. Attachment/ Adsorption
2. Penetration
3. Uncoating
4. Macromolecular synthesis
5. Viral assembly
6. Lysis and release

Question 2

recognition of HOST CELL and SPECIFIC BINDING between viral capsid proteins and the receptor of the host cell

Answer 2

Attachment/ Adsorption

Question 3

Attachment/Adsorption
Immunoglobulin –
CD4 –
Acetylcholine –
C3d –
sialic acid –
Angiotensin Convertin Enzyme 2 –

Answer 3

Immunoglobulin – poliovirus
CD4 – HIV
Acetylcholine – rabies virus
C3d – EBV
sialic acid – influenza virus
Angiotensin Convertin Enzyme 2 – Covid

Question 4

Viruses enter the host cell

Answer 4

Penetration

Question 5

It can penetrate the cell membrane directly.

Answer 5

Naked virions

Question 6

It may enter the cell by fusion with the cell membrane or via endocytosis whereby the enveloped virus enters in a vacuole

Answer 6

Enveloped viruses

Question 7

It is a process by which the capsid is removed

Answer 7

Uncoating

Question 8

It is usually release the genome into the cytoplasm

Answer 8

RNA viruses

Question 9

It release their genome into the host nucleus

Answer 9

DNA viruses

Question 10

process by which structural proteins, genomes, and in some cases viral enzymes are assembled into virus
particles

Answer 10

Viral assembly

Question 11

• new virions are then released by lysis if they are naked viruses or by budding if they are enveloped viruses

Answer 11

Lysis and release

Question 12

T/F
In Lysis and release, Naked viruses are more virulent

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

____ stage (acute phase) of infection BEFORE height of fever

Answer 13

Early

Question 14

Swab use for specimen collection

Answer 14

Dacron, Rayon swab

Question 15

T/F
You can use calcium alginate swabs in specimen collection

Answer 15

FALSE
NO because they can interfere with PCR testing

Question 16

Storage temp if they store it for 5 DAYS

Answer 16

4 degC

Question 17

Storage temp if they store it for >6 DAYS

Answer 17

20°C or –70°C

Question 18

Storage temp for Transport

Answer 18

-70°C

Question 19

Transport Medium used (LEASHU)

Answer 19

• Leibovitz-Emory
• Eagle’s Tissue Culture
• Amie’s
• Stuart
• Hank’s (buffered isotonic solution with albumin, gelatin)
• Universal Transport Media/ VTM

Question 20

• Most rapid method of diagnosis
• For nonculturable viruses (hepatitis virus, norwalk virus)

Answer 20

Electron Microscopy

Question 21

Detection of cytoplasmic inclusions/cytopathic effects

Answer 21

Light Microscopy

Question 22

• Rabies (invades nervous system)
• Can be observed only after the autopsy of the dead patient

Answer 22

Negri bodies

Question 23

Torres Councilman bodies

Answer 23

Yellow fever

Question 24

• HSV – Herpes SImplex Virus,
• VZV – varicella-zoster virus (Tzanck smear)

Answer 24

Cowdry Type A

Question 25

CMV – cytomegalovirus

Answer 25

Owl’s eyes

Question 26

HPV – Human Papillomavirus (Pap smear)

Answer 26

Koilocytes

Question 27

Molluscum contagiosum (under poxviridae)

Answer 27

Henderson-Patterson bodies

Question 28

Pox virus

Answer 28

Guarnieri bodies

Question 29

Cytologic Smear used (PT)

Answer 29

Pap Smear
Tzanck Smear

Question 30

For detection of HPV carcinoma

Answer 30

Pap Smear

Question 31

For HSV and VZV; multinucleated giant cell

Answer 31

Tzanck Smear

Question 32

Cultures used (PDC)

Answer 32

Primary Cell Culture
Diploid Cell Culture
Continuous Cell Culture

Question 33

obtained from animals
Examples:
- ____ Kidney
- ____ Kidney
- ____ Kidney

Answer 33

Primary Cell Culture
Primary Monkey
Human Embryonic
Rhesus

Question 34

subcultivated primary culture; normal human cells
Examples: (MWH)
MRC-5
WI-38
Human Diploid Fibroblast (HDF)

Answer 34

Diploid Cell Culture

Question 35

immortal cell lines; cancer cells
Examples: (HHAA)
HeLa
Hep2
A-549
AGMK

Answer 35

Continuous Cell Culture

Question 36

In Serology, it detects blockade of cytopathic effects

Answer 36

Neutralization

Question 37

In Serology, it is for influenza and rubella

Answer 37

Hemagglutination inhibition

Question 38

Presence of viral DNA or RNA is the gold standard in viral diagnosis

Answer 38

Nucleic Detection