RNA VIRUSES Flashcards
T/F
Arenaviridae can be transmitted by arthropods
FALSE
RODENTS only
T/F
Bunyaviridae can be transmitted by rodents (arbovirus)
FALSE
RODENTS or ARTHROPODS
In Arenaviridae, LCM virus (LCMV), Lassa fever virus, Machupo Virus, Junin virus, Sabia virus disease
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
Bunyaviridae viruses
LaCrosse virus, hantavirus, Rift Valley fever virus, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
encephalitis
Arboviruses
pneumonia or hemorrhagic fevers
Hantaviruses
Hemorrhagic Fever w/ Renal syndrome (HFRS)
Hantavirus
nephropathia epidemica
Pumala hantavirus
Hantavirus
Sin Nombre virus
Caliciviridae
Virus:
Disease:
Norwalk virus, Sappovirus
Outbreaks of gastroenteritis among children and adults
Coronaviridae
Virus:
Disease:
SARS-CoV 1&2, MERS-CoV
Respiratory diseases; possible gastroenteritis
Filoviridae
Virus:
Disease:
Ebola virus, Marburg virus
Most pathogenic of the hemorrhagic fevers
Flaviviridae
Viruses:
Dengue Virus
Yellow Fever Virus
West Nile Virus St. Louis encephalitis virus, Hepatitis C
Flaviviridae
Dengue virus disease
Dengue fever (breakbone fever), dengue hemorrhagic fever
Flaviviridae
Yellow Fever virus disease
Acute viral haemorrhagic disease; can cause fever to severe liver disease
T/F
Flaviviridae are Arboviruses that is transmitted via vector
TRUE
Hepeviridae
Virus:
Disease:
Hepatitis E
Waterborne; similar to Hepatitis A but high fatality case amongst pregnant women
Orthomyxoviridae
Virus:
Disease:
Influenza A and B
Flu (malaise, headache, myalgia, cough)
Orthomyxoviridae Surface glycoproteins:
Hemagglutinin (HA)
Neuraminidase (NA)
- rod-shaped spikes which attaches to sialic acid
- 16 HA antigens
Hemagglutinin (HA)
- mushroom-shaped spikes which releases mature virions from infected host cells
- 9 NA antigens
Neuraminidase (NA)
- major genetic changes resulting to novel viral antigens; only Influenza A
- Reason why we have pandemic/ epidemic
Antigenic shift
Antigenic shift: H1N1
Spanish flu
Antigenic shift: H2N2
Asian flu
Antigenic shift: H3N2
Hongkong flu
Antigenic shift: H5N1
Asian Avian flu (Highly pathogenic Avian Influenza)
Antigenic shift: H7N9
Asian (first reported in China)
- minor genetic changes that occur infrequently; occurs in all Influenza types (A,B,C)
- Reason why we have annual vaccination
Antigen drift
Paramyxoviridae viruses
Rubeola/Measles
Rubula/Mump’s
Parainfluenza Virus
Respiratory Syncytial virus
- Measles – Koplik’s spots in oral mucosa
- Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Rubeola/Measles
- Parotitis (swelling of the salivary glands)
- Complication: orchitis (inflammation of testicles)
Rubula/Mump’s
- PIV-1: croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
- PIV-3: bronchiolitis & pneumonia
Parainfluenza Virus
Most significant cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children<5 y.o.
Respiratory Syncytial virus
Picornaviridae viruses
Enteroviruses
Rhinovirus
Enteroviruses
Poliovirus,
Coxsackie A
Coxsackie B,
Echovirus
T/F
Enteroviruses is an acid-sensitive
Rhinovirus is an acid resistant
FALSE
Enteroviruses is an acid-RESISTANT
Rhinovirus is an acid SENSTITIVE
Major cause of common cold
Rhinovirus
Acute, flaccid paralysis
Polio virus
Retroviridae viruses
HIV-1
HIV-2
Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV-1 & 2)
- Responsible for the AIDS pandemic
- Higher transmission rate
HIV-1
- Most common in West Africa
HIV-2
Isolated in patients with Hairy Cell Leukemia
Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV-1 & 2)
Rhabdoviridae
Virus:
Disease:
Rabies Virus
Rabies (Negri bodies – eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in brain tissue)
Togaviridae viruses
Rubivirus/Rubella
Alphavirus
German measles/ Three-Day Measles – mild exanthematous disease
Rubivirus/Rubella
- Eastern, Western, Venezuelan equine encephalitis
- Humans are dead-end hosts
Alphavirus
Picornaviridae
Hepatitis Virus:
MOT:
Hepa A
Fecal-oral
Hepadnaviridae
Hepatitis Virus:
MOT:
Hepa B
Sexual/ Parenteral (needle)/ Perinatal
Flaviviridae
Hepatitis Virus:
MOT:
Hepa C
Sexual/ Parenteral (needle)/ Perinatal
Delta virus
Hepatitis Virus:
MOT:
Hepa D
Sexual/ Parenteral (needle)/ Perinatal
Hepeviridae
Hepatitis Virus:
MOT:
Hepa E
Fecal-oral
Hepatitis virus that is the only DNA virus
Hepa B
Hepatitis virus that can progress through chronic state
Hepa B, C, D
Complications of Hepatitis A Virus
___ risk of fulminant liver disease
Low
Complications of Hepatitis B Virus
_____% develop chronic infection, with ____ risk for liver cirrhosis and liver cancer
10-90
HIGH
Complications of Hepatitis C Virus
____ develop chronic infection, with ___ risk for liver cirrhosis and liver cancer
85%
HIGH
Complications of Hepatitis D Virus
____ risk for fulminant hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer
HIGH
Complications of Hepatitis E Virus
Fulminant liver failure in ____
pregnant women
Childhood Diseases Exhibiting Exanthema (MGSCER)
- Measles
- German measles
- Scarlet fever
- Chicken pox
- 5th disease (Erythema infectiosum)
- 6th disease (Roseola)
Viral Gastroenteritis that is a major cause in infants and child
Rotavirus
Viral Gastroenteritis that is seen in infants and young adults
Adenovirus
Viral Gastroenteritis that is most common cause of infectious gastroenteritis in the United States
Norovirus “winter vomiting bug”