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0
Q

Alzheimer’s tx

A

Cholinesterase inh: donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine

NMDA antag: memantine

Vit E

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1
Q

Parkinson’s dz tx

A

DA agonists: levodopa, carbidopa, bromocroptine, amantadine

Antichol: benztropine, trihecyphenidyl

MAO B inhibitor: selegiline

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3
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors

A

donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, physostigmine

-tx Alzheimers

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4
Q

Anticholinergics

A

benztropine, trihecyphenidyl

-tx acute dystonia and Parkinsonism 2/2 antipsychotics

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5
Q

TCA OD

A

CNS dep, hypotension, hyperthermia, antichol (dilated pupils, dry flushed skin, intestinal ileus)

QRS prolongation – vent arrhythmias – PROGNOSIS

Tx = NaHCO3

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6
Q

NAHCO3 MOA for TCA OD

A

Increase extracellular Na conc to prevent inhibition of cardiac fast Na channels (QT prolong)

Alkalinity serum to decrease drug avidity for sodium channels

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7
Q

NaHCO3 MOA for ASA OD

A

Urine alkalinization

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8
Q

First gen H1 antihistamines

A

Diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, doxepin, hydroxyzine

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9
Q

Hyperacute transplant rejection

A

Within 24 hrs

No tx

Anti donor Abs in recipient

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10
Q

Antichol

A

Urinary retention (failure of detrusor contraction), dysuria

-tx urge incontinence

“Blind as a bat, mad as a hatter, red as a beet, hot as Hades, dry as a bone, the bowel and bladder lose their tone (ileus, retention), and the heart runs alone.”

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11
Q

Acute transplant rejection

A

6 d-1 yr

Antidonor T cells in recipient

Immunosuppressive and steroids

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12
Q

Acute hemolytic transfusion rxn

A

Within 1 hr

ABO mismatch

Fevers, chills, flank pain, hemoglobinuria

Positive direct Coombs

DIC, RF, shock

Tx = supportive

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13
Q

Anaphylactic transfusion rxn

A

IgA def

Sec-min

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14
Q

Systolic diastolic bruit with resistant HTN

A

RAS

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15
Q

Congenital rubella

A

Sensorineural deafness, cataracts, HSM, purpura (blueberry muffin)

Developmental delays

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16
Q

High PEEP vent complications

A

Alveolar damage, tension pneumo, hypotension

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17
Q

Drugs that need folic acid supp

A

Phenytoin, methotrexate, TMP

Other antiepileptics primidone, phenobarbital

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18
Q

Entamoeba histolytica tx

A

metronidazole

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19
Q

Cholinergic effects

A

DUMBELLS - Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bradycardia, Emesis, Lacrimation, Lethargy and Salivation

  • organophosphate poisoning (tx = atropine, pralidoxime)
  • use cholinergic agonist (bethanechol) to tx overflow incontinence
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20
Q

Giardia lamblia tx

A

metronidazole

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21
Q

Salmonella tx

A

quinolone, TMP-SMX

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22
Q

Shigella tx

A

quinolone, TMP-SMX

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23
Q

Campy tx

A

erythro

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24
Q

Encapsulated organisms

A

S pneumo, H influ, N meningitidis, Klebsiella

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25
Q

Hydroxyurea MOA

A

increases HgF

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26
Q

Drugs that increase PrL levels

A

(psych) phenothiazines, risperidone, haldol

methyldopa
verapamil

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27
Q

What causes hemolysis in G6PD

A 
fava beans
sulfa drugs
primquine
hi-dose ASA
INH
nitrofurantoin
dapsone
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28
Q

WPW tx

A

Class IA or IC antiarrhythmics

quinidine, procainamide

cardioversion

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29
Q

Trousseau’s syndrome

A

migratory thrombophlebitis
-MALIGNANCY: pancreatic, lung, prostate, stomach, acute leukemia, colon

-CT scan of abd

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30
Q

Bilirubin in urine = direct or indirect?

A

direct - soluble

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31
Q

Lidocaine - arrythmia tx

A

vtach

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32
Q

enthesitis

A

pain at portions of joint insertion

spondyloarthropathies (AS)

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33
Q

broad and waxy casts

A

CRF

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34
Q

fatty casts

A

nephrotic Sx

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35
Q

HIV ppx in needlestick

A

Zidovudine, lamivudine

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36
Q

Auer rods

A

AML

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37
Q

PAS+ and TdT+ peripheral blasts

A

ALL

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38
Q

Otitis media organisms AND sinusitis!!

A
  1. S pneumo
  2. H influ
  3. Moraxella
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39
Q

tx for hypovolemic hyperNa

40
Q

high-output HF 2/2 arteriovenous fistula

A

widened PP, strong peripheral arterial pulsation (brisk carotid upstroke), systolic flow murmur, tachycardia, flushed area

41
Q

high-output HF conditions

A

Paget dz, anemia, thiamine deficiency, thyrotoxicosis, AVF

42
Q

Concern for pt with DM II taking HCTZ?

43
Q

Febrile neutropenia tx

A

Broad spectrum Abx: IV ceftazidime, cefepime (ACTIVE AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS!!!)

44
Q

epiglotittis organisms

A

S pyogenes, H influ

45
Q

airway for cervical spine injury

A

orotracheal intubation with RSI

46
Q

DA agonists

A

levodopa, carbidopa, bromocroptine, amantadine

-tx Parkinson’s

46
Q

tx for otitis media or sinusitis

A

Amox (+clavulanic acid)

47
Q

lithium congenital defect

A

Ebstein’s anomaly

48
Q

Do we use beta-blocker for acute CHF?

49
Q

+ p-ANCA conditions (5)

A
  • pauci-immune GN (eg crescentic)
  • microscopic polyangiitis
  • Churg-Strauss
  • UC
  • PSC
50
Q

anti-mitochondrial Abs

51
Q

symptomatic hypoNa tx

A

hypertonic saline

52
Q

viral URI gets worse!

53
Q

Vit A def

A

bitot’s spots, keratomalacia, xerophthalmia

54
Q

vit b3/niacin def

A

dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia

55
Q

Vit E def

A

increased RBC fragility

56
Q

aplastic/macrocytic anemia with thumb abnormalities, abnl skin pigmentation, ear and eye abnl

A

Fanconi anemia

57
Q

Fanconi anemia genetics

A

chromosomal strand breakage

58
Q

MCC (congenital) aplastic anemia in children

A

Fanconi anemia

59
Q

retinal hamartoma found in…

A

tuberous sclerosis

60
Q

optic glioma found in…

61
Q

viral meningitis

A

enterovirus (echo, coxsackie)

HSV

lymphocytic choriomeningitis

mumps

62
Q

Jervell-Lage-Nielson Syndrome

A

congenital QT prolongation (TdP) and deafness

  • AR
  • FHx
  • syncope without disorientation
  • tx = beta-blocker propranolol
63
Q

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

A

hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency (purine met)

-self-mutilation, MR, hyperuricemia, dystonia, choreoathetosis, CP

64
Q

Jervell-Lage-Nielson Syndrome

A

congenital QT prolongation (TdP) and deafness

  • AR
  • FHx
  • syncope without disorientation
  • tx = beta-blocker propranolol
65
Q

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

A
  • IgA mediated leukocytoclastic vasculitis

- URI, palpable purpura, abd pain, polyarticular arthritis, RF

66
Q

Granulomatous dz

A

Takayasu’s arteritis, Wegener’s, Churg-Strauss

67
Q

Pt with h/o splenectomy may have abnormality in labs:

A

THROMBOCYTOSIS

68
Q

why are infants protected from sickle cell dz?

69
Q

Pt with h/o splenectomy may have abnormality in labs:

A

THROMBOCYTOSIS

70
Q

why are infants protected from sickle cell dz?

71
Q

sudden-onset syncope without a prodrome

A

arrythmia!! (Torsades de pointes)

-especially on sotalol with diarrhea (hypoK, hypoMg) and CAD

72
Q

torsades de pointe tx

A
  1. MgSo4!!!

2. temporary pacemaker or isoproterenol

73
Q

defective mineralization of bone

A

osteomalacia

74
Q

low bone mass with normal mineralization

A

osteoporosis

75
Q

defective skeletal remodeling

76
Q

Cisplatin SE

A

nephrotoxicity, tinnitus and hearing loss, N/V, neurotox, electrolyte abnl

77
Q

drug-induced pancreatitis

A
  1. szs/bipolar - valproic acid!!!
  2. diuretics - furosemide, thiazides
  3. IBD - sulfasalazine, 5ASA
  4. immunosupp - azathioprine, L-asparaginase
  5. AIDs - didanosine, pentamidine
  6. Abx - metro, tetracycline
78
Q

abnormal hemostasis in CRF due to…

A

plt dysfunction

79
Q

Marfan’s + MR + thromboembolic events + downward dislocation of lens

A

homocystinuria 2/2 cystathionine synthase deficiency

80
Q

homocystinuria tx

A

high doses B6

will see elevation of both homocyteine and methionine in dz

81
Q

Phenylketonuria = PKU

A

phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency

-MR, fair complexion, blue eyes, eczema, musty body odor

82
Q

hypothyroidism vs myopathy

A

check reflexes!

83
Q

young pt with RAS

A

fibromuscular dysplasia

-stent!

84
Q

pt with lupus with hip pain…

A

think AVN 2/2 CSs!!!

85
Q

pt with meningococcemia dies…

A

Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome!! –> sudden vasomotor collapse and skin rash 2/2 adrenal hemorrhage

86
Q

PCWP of cardiogenic pulm edema

87
Q

PCWP of ARDS

88
Q

rotator cuff tendonitis

A

improved with lidocaine injection

89
Q

Loss to follow up is a type of ___ bias

A

selection bias

90
Q

infant who has cyanosis when feeding relieved by crying

A

choanal atresia

91
Q

electrical alternans with sinus tachycardia

A

large pericardial effusion

92
Q

painless jaundice

A

pancreatic malignancy

93
Q

med to avoid in MI with acute pulm edema

A

Beta-blocker

94
Q

Amyloidosis

A

RA, kidney and liver invovlement

apple-green birefringence under polarized light

95
Q

Dumping syndrome

A

post-gastrectomy!

96
Q

ARDS TV

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