stem cells/nervous system/hormones Flashcards
are stem cells specialised or unspecialised?
unspecialised - they produce specialised cells
what do stem cells have the ability to do and what are they involved in?
turn into any type of body cell and are involved in growth and repair of body tissues
what are the two main types of stem cell?
embryonic and adult stem cells
what are embryonic stem cells?
stem cells taken from embryos that have the ability to develop into any type of body cell
what are adult stem cells?
slightly more specialised than embryonic stem cells
give an example of adult stem cells
stem cells found in bone marrow are only capable of becoming different types of blood cells
name three parts of the brain
cerebellum
medulla
cerebrum
what does the cerebellum control?
balance and muscular coordination
what does the medulla control?
breathing rate and heartbeat
what does the cerebrum control?
conscious thought, reasoning, imagination, creativity and memory
what is the human nervous system composed of?
the brain
the spinal cord
the associated neurons
what makes up the central nervous system?
the brain and the spinal cord
what do sensory neurons do?
pass information to the central nervous system
what do inter neurons do?
work with the central nervous system relaying information
what do motor neurons do?
cause a response
what carries messages along neurons?
electrical impulses
in animals what do endocrine glands do?
produce hormones and secrete them directly into the bloodstream
where are hormones produced?
in the endocrine glands
what are hormones?
chemical messengers
once in the blood, what do hormones do?
travel in the blood to ‘target tissues’ where they bring about a response
what do target tissues have?
receptors on the cell’s surface
what do receptors do?
allow only target tissues to be affected by specific hormones
give examples of hormones
INSULIN GLUCAGON testosterone oestrogen adrenaline
what is glycogen?
store of glucose
describe the role of insulin in regulating blood sugar
after food is digested, there is a rise in blood sugar. this is detected by the pancreas.
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the pancreases produces insulin.
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the insulin stimulates the liver to store GLUCOSE as GLYCOGEN.
describe the role of glucagon in regulating blood sugar.
glucose is used in respiration by body cells. a fall in blood sugar (glucose) is detected by the pancreas.
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glucagon is produced by the pancreas.
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glucagon stimulates the liver to convert GLYCOGEN to GLUCOSE.
