stem cells/nervous system/hormones

Question 1

are stem cells specialised or unspecialised?

Answer 1

unspecialised - they produce specialised cells

Question 2

what do stem cells have the ability to do and what are they involved in?

Answer 2

turn into any type of body cell and are involved in growth and repair of body tissues

Question 3

what are the two main types of stem cell?

Answer 3

embryonic and adult stem cells

Question 4

what are embryonic stem cells?

Answer 4

stem cells taken from embryos that have the ability to develop into any type of body cell

Question 5

what are adult stem cells?

Answer 5

slightly more specialised than embryonic stem cells

Question 6

give an example of adult stem cells

Answer 6

stem cells found in bone marrow are only capable of becoming different types of blood cells

Question 7

name three parts of the brain

Answer 7

cerebellum

medulla

cerebrum

Question 8

what does the cerebellum control?

Answer 8

balance and muscular coordination

Question 9

what does the medulla control?

Answer 9

breathing rate and heartbeat

Question 10

what does the cerebrum control?

Answer 10

conscious thought, reasoning, imagination, creativity and memory

Question 11

what is the human nervous system composed of?

Answer 11

the brain
the spinal cord
the associated neurons

Question 12

what makes up the central nervous system?

Answer 12

the brain and the spinal cord

Question 13

what do sensory neurons do?

Answer 13

pass information to the central nervous system

Question 14

what do inter neurons do?

Answer 14

work with the central nervous system relaying information

Question 15

what do motor neurons do?

Answer 15

cause a response

Question 16

what carries messages along neurons?

Answer 16

electrical impulses

Question 17

in animals what do endocrine glands do?

Answer 17

produce hormones and secrete them directly into the bloodstream

Question 18

where are hormones produced?

Answer 18

in the endocrine glands

Question 19

what are hormones?

Answer 19

chemical messengers

Question 20

once in the blood, what do hormones do?

Answer 20

travel in the blood to ‘target tissues’ where they bring about a response

Question 21

what do target tissues have?

Answer 21

receptors on the cell’s surface

Question 22

what do receptors do?

Answer 22

allow only target tissues to be affected by specific hormones

Question 23

give examples of hormones

Answer 23

INSULIN
GLUCAGON
testosterone
oestrogen 
adrenaline

Question 24

what is glycogen?

Answer 24

store of glucose

Question 25

describe the role of insulin in regulating blood sugar

Answer 25

after food is digested, there is a rise in blood sugar. this is detected by the pancreas.

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the pancreases produces insulin.

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the insulin stimulates the liver to store GLUCOSE as GLYCOGEN.

Question 26

describe the role of glucagon in regulating blood sugar.

Answer 26

glucose is used in respiration by body cells. a fall in blood sugar (glucose) is detected by the pancreas.

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glucagon is produced by the pancreas.

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glucagon stimulates the liver to convert GLYCOGEN to GLUCOSE.