Stem Cells

Question 1

Stem cells

Answer 1

Unspecialized cells that are capable of dividing and renewing. Can make cells that can differentiate into many different cells. It also exist in embryos and adults.

Question 2

Totipotent

Answer 2

Single cell entire organism

Means “whole”

Question 3

Pluripotent

Answer 3

Can develop into all cell types, BUT not supporting structures.

Early embryos

Question 4

iPSC (Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells)

Answer 4

Adult stem cells that get reprogrammed by inserting 4 key regulatory genes

Cons: Less responsive and “memories” of old cells.

Question 5

Multipotent

Answer 5

Gives rise to a small number of types. Adults.

Different types:

1. ) Hematopoetic
2. ) Skin
3. ) Neural
4. ) Epithelial
5. ) Mesenchymal (gives rise to osteoblasts, chondrocytes, CT, and adipocytes)

Question 6

Unipotent

Answer 6

Give rise to a single cell type

Ex: Hepatoblasts

Question 7

Symmetric Cells

Answer 7

Daughter cells are the same

Question 8

Asymmetric Cell

Answer 8

Daughter cells are not the same

Question 9

Niche

Answer 9

Microenvironment that controls renewal

Prevents depletion or overproduction

Controlled by signaling

1. ) extrinsic signaling: Outside the direct contact
2. ) intrinsic mechanisms: Spindle orientation of proper mitosis

Question 10

Tissue engineering

Answer 10

EX: Skin grafts, bladders, blood vessels