Stem Cells Flashcards
What is a stem cell?
a primitive cell that can either self-renew or give rise to more specialized cell types
Founder Stem Cells
can divide as stem cells giving rise to one daughter cell that remains a stem cell and cells with set numbers of transit amplifying divisions
Transit Amplifying cells
other cells that are mixed with stem cells and divide frequently. They are programmed to divide a limited number of times
Embryonic stem cells
derived from the blastocyst stage of an embryo, if injected into embryo at a later stage they often improperly differentiate/often become a tumor
Teratoma
similar to ES cells but do not display axis formation or segmentation
Embryonic Stem Cells can be harvested from
inner cell mass
ES cells can form
adipocytes, neurons, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes
Some limitations to the use of Adult stem cells
immune rejection - can cause cancer, graft host rejection
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
nucleus taken from a somatic cell of a patient and injected into oocyte replacing the oocyte nucleus
Oct 3/4, Sox2, Myc, KIF4 involved in
making multipotent cells, they turn on things that turn on ES cell genes
Hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into
NK, T &B lymphocytes, Neutrophil, Basophil, Eosinophil, macrophage, platelets, RBCs
Stromal stem cells differentiate into
supportive/connective tissue - bone, cartilage, marrow adipocyte
Bone Marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells were found
in male to female bone marrow transplants with Y chromosome neurons in brain of female - showed that Adult stem cells have the capacity to differentiate neuronal-like cells
