Stem Cells Flashcards
What are the 3 classes of stem cells ?
- embryonic
- adult
- induced
Descibe embryonic stem cells
- classified as stem cells from an embryo source –> either human or animal embryo
Describe adulte stem cells
- classified as a stem cell from an adult tissue source such as; blood, adipose tissue & bone marrow
Describe Induced stem cells
- classified as stem cells that start out as another type of cell, such as a skin cell that is reprogrammed
What are some examples of stem cell uses?
- potentially restart the immune system during chemo
- regenerate lost tissue
- act as a model source of diseased cells for ethical drug development
Define Differentiation
the process by which stem cells take on characteristics of other cells
Define Terminal Differentiation
when a cell has comitted to a lineage & becomes a specific cell of that lineage
Define Tri-Lineage
- stem cell is defined by its capacity to be turned into cells from each of the 3 germ layers, usually tri-lineage refers to evidence of stem cells being stimulates to turn into cells from all the germ layers
What are the 3 germ layers in vertebrates?
- endoderm
- mesoderm
- ectoderm & neural crest
Define totipotent stem cells
- these stem cells have the highest differential capacity & can turn into cells that form the whole organism
- example = zygote
Define Pluripotent stem cells
- high capacity to differentiate
- they can turn into cells from each of the germ layers but they can’t differentiate to every level, and limited
Define Multipotent stem cells
- have a potent but limited capacity to differentiate
- can differentiate into multiple types of cells from limited number of the germ layers
Define Unipotent stem cells
- only have the ability to change into a very limited number of types of cells
What are some sources of somatic stem cells?
- bone marrow
- adipose tissue
- blood
- umbilical cord blood
- skin cells induced to pluripotent (iPSC)
Describe Stem cells derived from bone marrow
- Mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow are often considered the most useful for regenerative medicine as theyre a less differentiated form of stem cell
Describe stem cells derived from adipose tissue
- good source of stem cells
- can be isolated from lipo-aspirate= waste product from liposuction
- liao-aspirate & resident stem cells often used to fill anatomical spaces after cancer surgery
Describe umbilical cord blood as a source of stem cells
- contains hematopoietic stem cells
- these stem cells are capable of generation of new blood cells –> making them useful for the treatment of diseases like leukeamia
- often stored after birth
Describe iPSC cells
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- have pluripotent genes inserted into their genome by various means in the lab & then become pluripotent
- show great promise in regenerative medicine
What general markers define a stem cell?
- SOX genes
- Oct 3/4
- SSEA
What are the markers for mesenchymal stem cells?
- CD34
- CD73
- Stro-1
-CD90
What are the markers for embyronic stem cells?
- SSEA1,3,4
- Nanog
What are some markers for induced pluripotent stem cells?
-OCT 3/4
- Myc
- Sox2
- KLF4
What are CD markers?
- Cluster of differentiation markers
- use a simple numerical classification to identify cell surface molecules that are targets for immunotyping cells
