stem cells Flashcards
cells become more ____ and less ____ during development
cells become more specialised and less flexible during development
what does an embryo begin as
an embryo begins as a small number of naïve totipotent cells that can give rise to all cell types
pluripotent
cells that can give rise to all cell types except trophectoderm
a cells fate is progressively limited until it becomes terminally differentiated, and can only give rise to the same type of cell… exceptions:
stem cells, germ cells
where are embryonic stem cells harvested from
embryonic stem cells are harvested from the inner cell mass of a mammalian blastocyst embyros
what kind of potent and human embryonic stem cells
pluripotent
iPS Cells
induced pluripotent stem cells. iPS cells are made by reprogramming adult skin cells. Pluripotent - can generate any cell type
adult stem cells
can divide without limit.
undifferentiated, multipotent cells, can divide to give rise to both stem cells and cells which will go on to differentiate into one or more (but not all) types of functional tissue cells.
Umbilical cord stem cells
multipotent immature blood stem cells.
used to treat leukaemias and many other blood diseases
what potent is a fertilised egg
totipotent
what potent are adult stem cells e.g bone marrow
multipotent
integrative gene therapy
based on the idea that it may be possible to alter the genetic code of an individual’s cells
regerative medicine
based on the idea that pluripotent stem cells can be used to repair or replace damaged organs or tissues.
pluripotent stem cells can be made from skin cells or blood cells from a patient or matched donors.
these stem cells can be encouraged to differentiate into specific cell types such as neurons, or retinal cells.
