Stem And Stem Structures (wood)

Question 1

Apical

Answer 1

Found in roots and stems of all plants leads to primary growth, increase in length

Question 2

Lateral

Answer 2

Found only in roots and stems of woody plants, leads to secondary growth increase in girth

Question 3

Apical meristem

Answer 3

Organization more complex than in roots, plus no protective cap, dome shaped meristem enclosed by immature leaves

Question 4

Tunica- Corpus model

Answer 4

(Bug)

Question 5

Nodes

Answer 5

Help established by developing leaves; BUD PRIMORDIA within a leaf axils, procambium or vascular trace to connect leaf to stem

Question 6

(Dicot system) cross-section

Answer 6

Shows distinct cortex and pith of storage parenchyma

Question 7

Vascular cylinder with phloem to the outside and what to the inside.?

Answer 7

Xylem

Question 8

Fascicular cambium

Answer 8

Fuses with interfascicular cambium to produce wood

Question 9

(Monocot)

Answer 9

No distinct cortex or pith, no interfascicular cambium develops bw bundles to form rings of dividing cells; so production of wood by monocots is IMPOSSIBLE

Question 10

Can monocots produce wood?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

Secondary growth: wood and bark

Answer 11

Two lateral meristems: vascular cambium & cork cambium

Question 12

Vascular cambium

Answer 12

Arises from cushion of fascicular and interfascicular cambia in woody plants; cylinder of dividing cells> xylem inside, phloem outside

Question 13

Cork cambium (phellogen)

Answer 13

Produces bark, replacing epidermis in woody plants

Question 14

Formation and function of vascular cambium

Answer 14

The fusion of fascicular cambium and interfascicular cambium in woody dicots and conifers creates the vascular cambium

Question 15

Early spring wood

Answer 15

Larger thinner cells or move the vast amounts of water available in the spring

Question 16

Late summer wood

Answer 16

Smaller,thicker cells ton move smaller amounts of water available in the summer

Question 17

Dendrochronology

Answer 17

Tree ring dating, patterns of early and late wood record the v,instead for an area

Question 18

Wood color

Answer 18

Based on waste materials stored in the non conducting heartwood, outer sapwood still conducting water and minerals

Question 19

Wood figure

Answer 19

Based on orientation Of saw blade, transverse cuts and cross sections, tangential cuts perpendicular to a day, on tangent to a cylinder

Question 20

In woody plants, the epidermis is replaced by what

Answer 20

Periderm or “bark”

Question 21

Cork (phellem)

Answer 21

Produced to the outside, toughened by lignin, plus water repellent suberin

Question 22

Secondary cortex ( phelloderm)

Answer 22

Produced in the inside, brick like, living cells for storage

Question 23

Lenticels

Answer 23

Loose aggregations of parenchyma cells that form beneath (& then replaces) the stomata in woody plants

Question 24

Are lenticels present in all bark?

Answer 24

Yes , more visible than others