STEM Flashcards
Transport of naterials occur through the ______
Vascular tissue
2theory
Transpiration-cohesion theory
Mass/pressure flow theory
Upward movement of water from the root to aerial part of the plant body
Transipiration-cohesion theory
Loss of water in the leaves
Transpiration
Process of translocation of sugar from the source to the sink
Mass/pressure flow theory
Aerial vegetative organ of the plant
Stem
Stem are develop from ____^
Epicotyl
12 morphology of the stem
Nodes
Internodes
Buds
Lenticels
Leaf
Leaf axil
Leaf scar
Axillary bud/lateral bud
Apical bud/terminal bud
Budscale
Bud scale scar
Bundle scar
Leaveas are attached
Nodes
Distance or portion between the nodes
Internodes
Contain undeveloped tissue that can produce new stems and leaves
Buds
Small, raise dots or ridges on the stem for exchange of gases
Lenticels
Lateral outgrowth of the stem
Leaf
The angle formed between the lwaf and the stem
Leaf axil
A mark left when the leaf falls off, usually found below tha axillary bud
Leaf scar
A bud formed between the leaf and the stem
Axillary bud / lateral bud
A bud found at the apex or tip of th twig
Apical bud/terminal bud
Leaf-like structure covering and protecting a bud
Bud scale
Mark left when the bud scale falls off
Bud scale scar
Found within the leaf scar that represents the broken ends of veins at leaf fall
Bundle scar
Stem apical meristem gives rises to these 3
Protoderm
Ground meristem
Procambium
Protoderm give rises to
Epidermis
Ground meristem give rises to
Ground tissue
Procambium give rises to
Primary phloem and Xylem
Ground meristem and procambium give rises to
Vascular cambium
Vascular cambium give rises to
Secondary xylem and phloem
Ground meristem and secondary phloem give rises to
Corck cambium or phellogen
Corck cambium or phellogen give rises to
Periderm
Give the 10 anatomy of the stem
Epidermis
-cuticle
-stomata
Vascular Cylinder/Stele
-Pericycle
-Vascular bundles
-Xylem
-Phloem
-Cambium
-Pith
Consists of a single layer of living cells which are closely packed and it protect the underlying tissues
Epidermis
Prevent the dessication of the inner tissues and thus prevent water loss
Cuticle
Allows gaseous exchange for the processes of respiration and photosynthesis
Stomata
Strengthens the stem and provides protection for the vascular bundles
Pericycle
Situated in a ring on the inside of the pericycle of the plant
Vascular bundle
Provides a passage for water and dissolved ions from the root system to the leaves and stregnthens and support the stem
Xylem
Tranport synthesized organic food from the leaves to other parts of the plant
Phloem
Divides to produce new xylem and phloem cells, making secondary thickening
Cambium
Occupies the large central part of the stem. It consist of thin-walled parenchyma cells with intercellular air spaces
Pith
No annual rings
No secondary thickening
A large number of vascular bundles
Monocotyledon
The vascular bundles are scattered in the ground tissue
There is no distinction betw. The cortext and pith
Monocotyledon
No cambium occura between xylem and phloem
Monocotyledon
Annual rings are formed due to secondary thuckening
Cambium occurs bet. Xylem and phloem
Dicotyledon
Limited of vascular bundles
Cortext and pith are clearly distinguish
Dicotyledon
Vascular bundles are arranged in a concentric ring
Dicotyledon
12 specialized stem
Stolon/Runners
Tendrils/Twining shoots
Cladodes/Cladophylls
Thorns
Bulbs
Rhizomes
Corms
Tubers
Twiner
Pseudostem
Runner
Spines
Horizontally oriented stems that grow along the soil surface
For vegetative reproduction
Stolons/Runners
Coil around objects
Support and climbing
Tendrils and Twining
Flat, leaf-like stems for photosynthesis
Cladodes/Cladophylls
Protect the plang from grazing animals
Thorns
Rosette stem surrounded by fleshy leaves for storage
Bulbs
Stubby, vertically oriented stems that grow underground, have only a few thin leaves
Store nutrients
Corms
For support
Papilionaceae
Twiner
False stem
Support
Pseudostem
Cynodon dactylon
Bermuda grass
Smaller and several unita
Protection
Limit transpiration
Spines
Cactus
Notocactus mammulosus
