ROOTS Flashcards
lie down in soil
Root system
2 types of roots
•Taproots
•Fibrous roots
types pf roots in terms of morphology
•Taproots
•Fibrous roots
•Adventitious roots
long, thick, reach deep into the soil to obtain water/nutrients
Taproots
Many thin roots, spread out away from plants, reduce erosion
Fibrous roots
2major roots system
•Taproot system
•Fibrous root system
Root system for support and storage which grows downward
Taproot system
mostly found in dicots and conifers, storage of starch
Taproot system
This are fleshy taproots for food storage
•Carrots
•Sugar beets
Roots for absorption that have many roots of the same size
Fibrous root system
Mostly found in monocots
Fibrous root system
Radicle is throughout the plant life
Taproot system
Radicle is short-lived and is replaced by adventitious roots
Fibrous root system
It is developed in the parts of the plant and is primary means of vegetative reproduction
Adventitious root
Roots that form an organ other than the roots
Adventitious root
poison ivy
Rhus toxicodendron
dandelion
Taraxacum sp.
Mesquites
Prosopis sp.
sweet potato
Ipomoea batatas
Rice
Oryza sativa
wheat
Triticum sp.
Give the 5function of soecilized roots
•Storage
•Reproduction/Propagation
•Gas exchange/aeration
•Photosynthesis
•Support
Give the 3 specilized roots based on the storage
•Fusiform roots
•Conical roots
•Napiform roots
horsetail
Equisetum sp.
club mosses
Lycopodium sp.
stwarberry
Fragaria ananassa
thicker in the middle and tapered on both ends
Fusiform roots
Radish
Rhapanus sativus
thicker at their upper side and tapering at basal end
Conical
Carrots
Daucus carota
swollen and spherical at upper end and tapered at lower end
Napiform root
Turnip
Brassica rapa
Give example of Reproduction / Propagation
•sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas)
•Pandan(Pandanus amaryllifolius)
Formation of adventitious roots
Reproduction/Propagation
It has the presence of pneumatiphores
Gas exchange-/Aeration
erect root that rises up above the soil or water
Pneumatophores
they are filled with aerenchyma cells and has numerous pores/lenticels
Pneumatophores
Give example pf Pneumatophores
•Mangrove
•Cypress
It forms air/spaces
Aerenchyma cells
Give example of photosynthetic specialized root
Epiphytic orchid
Give the 3 specialized roots for support
•Buttress roots
•Prop/stilt root
•Climbing/Clinging root
They arise from the base of the tree trunk, for resisting uprooting of large tropical trees
Buttress root
large pillars, develop from horizontally spread branches of tree, gow vertically downward into the soil
Prop/stilt root
Roots arising from the nodes attaching themselves
Climbing root/ Clinging root
Give 7 functions of root
•Absorption
•Anchorage
•Conduction
•Storage
•In Photosynthesis
•Reproduction
•Hormone production
Give the 4 original functions of roots
•Absorption
•Anchorage
•Conduction
•Hormone production
Large amount of water and dissolved minerals from the soil
Absorption
Plant in one place, locates water and minerals
Anchorage
transport water and minerals to other parts of the plant(from leaves to storage regions
Conduction
enegry is reserves, initially produce in the leaves
Storage
chemical messages
Hormone production
Give the 2 hormone produce by the roots
•Cytokinin
•Gibberillin
This 3 functions are mostly found in modified roots
•Storage
•In Photosynthesis
•Reproduction
It is responsible for the elongation
Cytokinin
It is mainly responsible for the production of leaves
Gibberillin
Give the 5 parts of the seeds
•Seed cut
•Epicotyl
•Radicle
•Cotyledon
•Hypocotyl
It appears/occur when the seeds are submerged in the water
Radicle
The first root that comes from the plant
Radicle
It is able to develop oragns form the itslef when it cracks
seeds
Part of seed that forms radicle and is a food storage
Cotyledon
2 root structure
•Root cap
•Root hair
extension of an epidermal cell that increases absorptive capacity of root
Root hair
It protect the formation of radiccle or new cell
Root cap
Covering of cells over the root tip that protect delicate meristematic tissue directly behind it
Root cap
Root cap protect what, it is behind the root cap
Root apocal meristem
May orient root so it grows downward
Root cap
Short-lived, unicellular that uncreases surface area of the root incontact with moist soil, replaced by additional root
Root hair
3 Primary Eudicot roots
•Vascular tissues
•Ground tissues
•Outer Protective covering
2Vascular Tissues
•Xylem
•Phloem
2Ground tissues
•Cortex
•Pith
1Outer Protective covering
Epidermis
3 Tissues in Plants
•Dermal Tissue
•Vascular Tissue
•Ground Tissue
The outer covering, it has cuticle, stomata, guard cells
Dermal Tissue
Lipid soluble, to prevet water from evaporating in the leaves, the primary protection
Cuticle
To transfire water out of the plant
Stomata
Transport system, carries water and nutrients
Vascular tissue
Water in
Xylem
Glucose out
Phloem
Water and nutrients move ____ while sugar move ____
up
down
2conduction in vascular tissue
•Conduction of food
•Conduction of water
Conduction of foods is from ____to_____
leaves
roots
Conduction of water is from ____ to ____
roots
leaves
In this area, food concentration is high
leaves
In this area, water concentration is high
roots
It is the primary sites for starches
leaves
2patters of veination
•Parallel
•Reticulate
This pattern of vein is found mostly in monocot
Parallel
This pattern of vein is found mostly in dicot
Reticulate
It is the cells between the dermal and vascular tissue
Ground tissue
4major function of roots
Absorption
Anchorage
Conduction
Storage
3types of monocot roots
Diffuse
Wiry
Clustered fleshy
3types of roots based on the origin
Primary roots
Branch roots/Secondary roots
Adventitous roots
Developed from the hypocotyl
Primary root
4 structure of the root tip
Region of maturation
Region of elongation
Meristematic region
Root cap
Region where primary tissues are completely differentiated
Region of maturation
Root hair zone, cells enlarge and begin to differentiate
Region of elongation
Region of actively diving cells, cells divide and increase in number
Meristematic region
Tissue at the very tip of the axis
Protection and penetration
Root cap
7 anatomy of the root
Epidermis
Cortex
Endodermis
Pericyle
Central cylinder/Stele
Vascular tissues
Pit
Cortext are small
Stele are big
No cambium
Monocot root
Endodermis are big
More than 6 vascular strands
Monocot root
Pith are large and well developed
Monocot root
Cortex are big
Stele are small
Have cambium
Dicot root
2-6 vascular strands
Endodermis are small
Dicot root
Pith are sometimes absend or very small
Dicot root
13 specialized roots
Fleshy/enlarged roots
Prop/stilt roots
Fusiform
Tubercular
Fasciculated
Photosynthetic
Clinging/Climbing roots
Pneumatophores
Contractile roots
Parasitic/Haustorial roots
Symbiotic roots
Mycorrhizae/Fungus roots
Butress/Structural roots
Add support to the structure of the plant
Prop/stilt roots
May assist i getting oxygen to the submerged roots
Pneumatophores
Grow into the soil and contract thereby pulling the corm or bulb into the soil
Contractile root
Absorbs water and nutrients from another plant
Plants do not contain chlorophyll
They cant make food
Parasitic/Haustorial roots
Allows for the fixation of t atmospheric nitrogen to form that the plant can utilized
Symbiotic roots
Increase the surface area for the absorption of essential nutrients
Mycorrhizae/fungus roots
Large roots on alk sides of a shallowly rooted tree
Buttress/structural roots
