Stegno

Question 1

Stegno - splošno

Answer 1

3 kompartmenti, vsak ima svojo inervacijo

• anteriorni - n. obturatorius
• posteriorni - n. ischiadicus
• medialni - n. femoralis

Question 2

Stegno - posteriorni kompartment - splošno

Answer 2

fleksorji kolena

ekstenzorji stegna

hamstringi!!

veje a. femoris profundae + veje inferiorne glutealne arterije

n. ischiadicus

Question 3

Stegno - posteriorni kompartment - mišice

Answer 3

• Biceps femoris - 2 glavi:
  
  • dolga - tuber ishi -> glava fibule
  • kratka - lateralni del linea aspere femurja -> glava fibule
• Semitendinosus - inferomedialni del tuber ishi -> medialna površina tibije
• Semimembranosus - superlateralni del tuber ishi -> posteriona površina medialega tibialnega kondila

Question 4

Biceps femoris

Answer 4

• najbolj lateralno!!!
• Origin
  
  • Long head: inferomedial part of the ischial tuberosity
  • Short head: lateral lip of the linea aspera
• Insertion
  
  • Head of the fibula
• Action:
  
  • Knee flexion
  • Hip extension
  • Lateral rotation at the hip and knee joint
• Innervation
  
  • Long head: tibial division of the sciatic nerve
  • Short head: common fibular division of the sciatic nerve
• Blood supply
  
  • Inferior gluteal artery supplies the superior portion of the muscle
  • Perforating arteries of profunda femoris supply the majority of the muscle

Question 5

Semitendinosus

Answer 5

• medialno glede na biceps!! enaki origo kot dolga glava bicepsa!!
• Origin
  
  • Inferomedial part of the ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion
• Medial surface of the tibia
• Action
  
  • Knee flexion
  • Hip extension
  • Medial rotation of the thigh at the hip joint
  • Medial rotation of the lower leg at the knee
• Innervation
  
  • Tibial division of the sciatic nerve
• Blood supply
  
  • Inferior gluteal artery supplies the superior portion of the muscle
  • Perforating arteries of profunda femoris supply the majority of the muscle

Question 6

Semimembranosus

Answer 6

• bolj superiorni origo!!! najbolj medialno!!
• Origin
  
  • Superolateral part of the ischial tuberosity
• Insertion
  
  • Posterior surface of the medial tibial condyle
• Action
  
  • Knee flexion
  • Hip extension
  • Medially rotation of the thigh at the hip joint
  • Medial rotation of the lower leg at the knee joint
• Innervation
  
  • Tibial division of the sciatic nerve
• Blood supply
  
  • Inferior gluteal artery supplies the superior portion of the muscle
    
    • Perforating arteries of profunda femoris supply the majority of the muscle

Question 7

Clinical relevance - hamstringi

Answer 7

šport

sudden change in speed and direction

najpogosteje mišično tetivni spoj

adolescenti -> avulzijska fraktura ishialnega tuberkla!!

Question 8

Stegno - anteriorni kompartment - splošno

Answer 8

ekstenzorji kolena

fleksorji stegna

3 mišice

Question 9

Stegno - anteriorni kompartment - mišice

Answer 9

• articularis genu - mini mišica OwO… won’t learn…
• sartorius - anterior superior spina iliaka (ASIS eng) -> medialni del tibije, inferiorno glede na tuberositas tibije
• kvadriceps femoris
  
  • rectus femoris - ASIS -> skupna tetiva kvadricepsa na patelo
  • vastus medialis - femur -> skupna tetiva kvadricepsa na patelo
  • vastus intermedius - antero/lateralni femur -> skupna tetiva kvadricepsa na patelo
  • vastus lateralis - velik trohanter femurja -> skupna tetiva kvadricepsa na patelo

Question 10

Sartorius

Answer 10

• najbolj povrhen!!!
• medialni del mišice je lateralna stena femoralnega trigonuma
• origo dejansko superiorno glede na ASIS
• Origin
  
  • Originates on the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) on the pelvis
• Insertion
  
  • Inserts onto the medial aspect of the tibia, just inferior to the tibial tuberosity
• Innervation
  
  • Femoral nerve (L2, L3)
• Action
  
  • Flexion of the hip
  • Flexion of the knee
  • Abduction of the thigh
  • Lateral rotation of the thigh

Question 11

Rectus femoris

Answer 11

• Origin
  
  • Rectus femoris has two heads of origin, one from the anterior superior iliac spine (straight head) and the other from the ilium immediately superior to the acetabulum (reflected head)
  • The two heads converge to form a common muscle
• Insertion
  
  • The rectus femoris tendon converges with the quadriceps femoris tendon to form the patellar tendon
  • The patellar tendon inserts onto the base of the patella
• Innervation
  
  • Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
• Action
  
  • Flexion of the hip
  • Extension of the knee

Question 12

Vastus medialis

Answer 12

• najbolj medialno!!
• Origin
  
  • The vastus medialis has a long origin along the femur.
  • It starts on the intertrochanteric line, descends posteroinferiorly along the pectinate line and along the linea aspera, down to the medial supracondylar line.
• Insertion
  
  • It inserts onto the medial aspect of the quadriceps tendon and the medial border of the patella.
• Innervation
  
  • Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
• Action
  
  • Extension of the knee

Question 13

Vastus intermedius

Answer 13

• behind rectus in med medialnim in lateralnim vastusom
• ​Origin
  
  • The muscle originates from the upper two-thirds of the anterolateral surface of the femur.
• Insertion
  
  • Vastus intermedius inserts onto the quadriceps femoris tendon, as well as the lateral border of the patella and the lateral condyle of the tibia.
• Innervation
  
  • Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
• Action
  
  • Extension of the knee

Question 14

Vastus lateralis

Answer 14

• največja med vsemi!!!
• Origin
  
  • The muscle originates along the femur, starting from the superior intertrochanteric line, before moving laterally to the lateral gluteal tuberosity and down the lateral aspect of the linea aspera.
• Insertion
  
  • Vastus lateralis inserts onto the quadriceps femoris tendon and the lateral aspect of the patella.
• Innervation
  
  • Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
• Action
  
  • Extension of the knee