Noga Flashcards by Ziva Gersak

Noga (od kolena do gležnja/stopala)

3 kompartmenti:

anteriorni
posteriorni
lateralni

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Noga - anteriorni kompartment

dorzifleksija celega stopala

supinacija

ekstendirajo prste

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Noga - posteriorni kompartment

plantarna fleksija stopala

flektirajo prste

invertirajo stopalo

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Noga - lateralni kompartment

pronacija

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Posteriorni kompartment - splošno

2 grupi - vmes je transverzalni intermuskularni septum

plantarni fleksorji + supinacija + fleksija prstov

n. tibialis
a. tibialis posterior (večinoma)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Posteriorni kompartment - mišice

povrhnji in globoki

povrhnji:
- gastroknemius - medialna in lateralna glava - med. in lat. femoralni kondil
- soleus - soleal line (fibula + medialni rob tibije)
- plantaris - lat. suprakondilarni ridge femurja, nad lateralno glavo gastroknemiusa
- Triceps surae = gasteocnemius + soleus
globoki:
- popliteus - lat. femoralni kondil in LM -> post. površina proksimalne tibije
- fleksor digitorum longus - post. površine tibije -> baza distalne falange palca
- fleksor hallucis longus - med. površina tibije -> baze distalnih falang 2-5
- tibialis posterior - interosalna membrana med tibijo in fibulo -> tuber navikularke + med. kuneiform

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gastrocnemius

posteriorni!
povhnji!
Origin:
- Medial head: medial femoral condyle
- Lateral head: lateral femoral condyle
Insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
Action: plantarflexes foot and flexes knee
Innervation: tibial nerve
Blood supply: sural arteries (branches from the popliteal artery)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Soleus

posteriorni!
povhnji!
Origin: soleal line and medial border of tibia; posterior fibular head; and tendinous arch between tibial and fibular attachments
Insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
Action: plantarflexes foot
Innervation: tibial nerve
Blood supply: posterior tibial, fibular and sural arteries (branches from the popliteal artery)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Plantaris

posteriorni!
povhnji!
Origin: inferior part of the lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament of knee
Insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
Action: plantarflexes foot and flexes knee
Innervation: tibial nerve
Blood supply: sural arteries (branches from the popliteal artery)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Popliteus

posteriorni!
globoki!
Origin: lateral femoral condyle and lateral meniscus
Insertion: posterior surface of the proximal tibia
Action: unlocks the knee joint by laterally rotating the femur on the fixed tibia as well as stabilising the knee joint
Innervation: tibial nerve
Blood supply: genicular branches from the popliteal artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tibialis posterior

posteriorni!
globoki!
Origin: interosseous membrane and posterior surfaces of the tibia and fibula
Insertion: tuberosity of navicular and adjacent region of the medial cuneiform
Action: inversion and plantarflexion of the foot. Supports the medial arch of the foot during walking.
Innervation: tibial nerve
Blood supply: posterior tibial artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Flexor digitorum longus

posteriorni!
globoki!
Origin: medial side of the posterior surface of the tibia
Insertion: bases of distal phalanges of lateral four toes
Action: flexes lateral four toes
Innervation: tibial nerve
Blood supply: posterior tibial artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Flexor hallucis longus

posteriorni!
globoki!
Origin: posterior surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of distal phalanx of the great toe
Action: flexes the great toe
Innervation: tibial nerve
Blood supply: posterior tibial and fibular artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lateralni kompartment - splošno

le 2 mišici

fibularis longus in fibularis brevis oz. peroneus longus in peroneus brevis

n. peroneus superficialis
a. fibulais

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lateralni kompartment - mišice

peroneus longus - glavica in lateralna površina fibule -> med. kuneiform in baza 1. metatarzalke
peroneus brevis - lat. površina fibularnega “shafta” -> lat. tuberkel baze 5. metatarzalke

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Peroneus longus

lateralni kompartment!
Origin: the head and upper lateral surface of the fibula
Insertion: distal end of medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal
Action: eversion and plantarflexion of the foot. Provides support to the lateral and transverse arches of the foot.
Innervation: superficial fibular nerve (a branch of the common fibular nerve)
Blood supply: fibular artery

Peroneus brevis

lateralni kompartment!
Origin: lateral surface of the shaft of the fibula
Insertion: lateral tubercle at the base of the fifth metatarsal
Action: eversion of the foot
Innervation: superficial fibular nerve (a branch of the common fibular nerve)
Blood supply: fibular artery

Anteriorni kompartment - splošno

4 mišice (3)

dorzifleksija, supinacija, ekstenzija prstov

n. peroneus profundus
a. tibialis anterior

Anteriorni kompartment - mišice

tibialis anterior - lateralna površina tibije in interosealne membrane -> med. kuneiform in baza 1. metatarzalke
ekstenzor halucis longus - medialna površina fibule in interosealna membrana -> baza distalne falange palca
ekstenzor digitorum longus - lat. kondil tibije in med. površina fibule -> srednje in distalne falange 2-5 prsta
fibularis (peroneus) tertius - med. površina fibule -> 5. metatarzalka

Tibialis anterior

anteriorni kompartment!
Origin: lateral surface of the tibia and adjacent interosseous membrane
Insertion: medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal
Action: dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot as well as supporting the medial arch of the foot
Innervation: deep fibular nerve (a terminal branch of the common fibular nerve)
Blood supply: anterior tibial artery

Extensor hallucis longus

anteriorni kompartment!
Origin: medial surface of fibula and adjacent surface of the interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of distal phalanx of the great toe
Action: extension of the great toe and dorsiflexion foot
Innervation: deep fibular nerve (a terminal branch of the common fibular nerve)
Blood supply: anterior tibial artery

Extensor digitorum longus

anteriorni kompartment!
Origin: lateral condyle of the tibia and medial surface of the fibula
Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of the lateral four toes
Action: extension of the lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of the foot
Innervation: deep fibular nerve (a terminal branch of the common fibular nerve)
Blood supply: anterior tibial artery

Fibularis / peroneus tertius

anteriorni kompartment!
Origin: medial surface of the fibula
Insertion: the fifth metatarsal
Action: dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot
Innervation: deep fibular nerve (a terminal branch of the common fibular nerve)
Blood supply: anterior tibial artery

Clinical relevance - posteriorni

ruptura ahilove tetive

Clinical relevance - anteriorni

kompartment syn poškodba n. peroneus communis -\> foot drop! poškodba povzroči paralizo anteriornega in lateralnega kompartmenta

Noga - key points

posteriorni kompartment = plantarna fleksija, supinacija, fleksija prstov + n. tibialis!! lateralni kompartment = pronacija + n. peroneus superficialis anteriorni kompartment = dorzifleksija, supinacija, ekstenzija prstov + n. peroneus profundus poškodba n. peronus communis = padajoče stopalo! - L5!!!