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MSK anatomija > Noga > Flashcards

Noga Flashcards

1
Q

Noga (od kolena do gležnja/stopala)

A

3 kompartmenti:

  • anteriorni
  • posteriorni
  • lateralni
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2
Q

Noga - anteriorni kompartment

A

dorzifleksija celega stopala

supinacija

ekstendirajo prste

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3
Q

Noga - posteriorni kompartment

A

plantarna fleksija stopala

flektirajo prste

invertirajo stopalo

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4
Q

Noga - lateralni kompartment

A

pronacija

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5
Q

Posteriorni kompartment - splošno

A

2 grupi - vmes je transverzalni intermuskularni septum

plantarni fleksorji + supinacija + fleksija prstov

n. tibialis
a. tibialis posterior (večinoma)

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6
Q

Posteriorni kompartment - mišice

A

povrhnji in globoki

  • povrhnji:
    • gastroknemius - medialna in lateralna glava - med. in lat. femoralni kondil
    • soleus - soleal line (fibula + medialni rob tibije)
    • plantaris - lat. suprakondilarni ridge femurja, nad lateralno glavo gastroknemiusa
    • Triceps surae = gasteocnemius + soleus
  • globoki:
    • popliteus - lat. femoralni kondil in LM -> post. površina proksimalne tibije
    • fleksor digitorum longus - post. površine tibije -> baza distalne falange palca
    • fleksor hallucis longus - med. površina tibije -> baze distalnih falang 2-5
    • tibialis posterior - interosalna membrana med tibijo in fibulo -> tuber navikularke + med. kuneiform
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7
Q

Gastrocnemius

A
  • posteriorni!
  • povhnji!
  • Origin:
    • Medial head: medial femoral condyle
    • Lateral head: lateral femoral condyle
  • Insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
  • Action: plantarflexes foot and flexes knee
  • Innervation: tibial nerve
  • Blood supply: sural arteries (branches from the popliteal artery)
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8
Q

Soleus

A
  • posteriorni!
  • povhnji!
  • Origin: soleal line and medial border of tibia; posterior fibular head; and tendinous arch between tibial and fibular attachments
  • Insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
  • Action: plantarflexes foot
  • Innervation: tibial nerve
  • Blood supply: posterior tibial, fibular and sural arteries (branches from the popliteal artery)
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9
Q

Plantaris

A
  • posteriorni!
  • povhnji!
  • Origin: inferior part of the lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament of knee
  • Insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
  • Action: plantarflexes foot and flexes knee
  • Innervation: tibial nerve
  • Blood supply: sural arteries (branches from the popliteal artery)
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10
Q

Popliteus

A
  • posteriorni!
  • globoki!
  • Origin: lateral femoral condyle and lateral meniscus
  • Insertion: posterior surface of the proximal tibia
  • Action: unlocks the knee joint by laterally rotating the femur on the fixed tibia as well as stabilising the knee joint
  • Innervation: tibial nerve
  • Blood supply: genicular branches from the popliteal artery
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11
Q

Tibialis posterior

A
  • posteriorni!
  • globoki!
  • Origin: interosseous membrane and posterior surfaces of the tibia and fibula
  • Insertion: tuberosity of navicular and adjacent region of the medial cuneiform
  • Action: inversion and plantarflexion of the foot. Supports the medial arch of the foot during walking.
  • Innervation: tibial nerve
  • Blood supply: posterior tibial artery
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12
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A
  • posteriorni!
  • globoki!
  • Origin: medial side of the posterior surface of the tibia
  • Insertion: bases of distal phalanges of lateral four toes
  • Action: flexes lateral four toes
  • Innervation: tibial nerve
  • Blood supply: posterior tibial artery
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13
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

A
  • posteriorni!
  • globoki!
  • Origin: posterior surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane
  • Insertion: base of distal phalanx of the great toe
  • Action: flexes the great toe
  • Innervation: tibial nerve
  • Blood supply: posterior tibial and fibular artery
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14
Q

Lateralni kompartment - splošno

A

le 2 mišici

fibularis longus in fibularis brevis oz. peroneus longus in peroneus brevis

n. peroneus superficialis
a. fibulais

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15
Q

Lateralni kompartment - mišice

A
  • peroneus longus - glavica in lateralna površina fibule -> med. kuneiform in baza 1. metatarzalke
  • peroneus brevis - lat. površina fibularnega “shafta” -> lat. tuberkel baze 5. metatarzalke
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16
Q

Peroneus longus

A
  • lateralni kompartment!
  • Origin: the head and upper lateral surface of the fibula
  • Insertion: distal end of medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal
  • Action: eversion and plantarflexion of the foot. Provides support to the lateral and transverse arches of the foot.
  • Innervation: superficial fibular nerve (a branch of the common fibular nerve)
  • Blood supply: fibular artery
17
Q

Peroneus brevis

A
  • lateralni kompartment!
  • Origin: lateral surface of the shaft of the fibula
  • Insertion: lateral tubercle at the base of the fifth metatarsal
  • Action: eversion of the foot
  • Innervation: superficial fibular nerve (a branch of the common fibular nerve)
  • Blood supply: fibular artery
18
Q

Anteriorni kompartment - splošno

A

4 mišice (3)

dorzifleksija, supinacija, ekstenzija prstov

n. peroneus profundus
a. tibialis anterior

19
Q

Anteriorni kompartment - mišice

A
  • tibialis anterior - lateralna površina tibije in interosealne membrane -> med. kuneiform in baza 1. metatarzalke
  • ekstenzor halucis longus - medialna površina fibule in interosealna membrana -> baza distalne falange palca
  • ekstenzor digitorum longus - lat. kondil tibije in med. površina fibule -> srednje in distalne falange 2-5 prsta
  • fibularis (peroneus) tertius - med. površina fibule -> 5. metatarzalka
20
Q

Tibialis anterior

A
  • anteriorni kompartment!
  • Origin: lateral surface of the tibia and adjacent interosseous membrane
  • Insertion: medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal
  • Action: dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot as well as supporting the medial arch of the foot
  • Innervation: deep fibular nerve (a terminal branch of the common fibular nerve)
  • Blood supply: anterior tibial artery
21
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A
  • anteriorni kompartment!
  • Origin: medial surface of fibula and adjacent surface of the interosseous membrane
  • Insertion: base of distal phalanx of the great toe
  • Action: extension of the great toe and dorsiflexion foot
  • Innervation: deep fibular nerve (a terminal branch of the common fibular nerve)
  • Blood supply: anterior tibial artery
22
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A
  • anteriorni kompartment!
  • Origin: lateral condyle of the tibia and medial surface of the fibula
  • Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of the lateral four toes
  • Action: extension of the lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of the foot
  • Innervation: deep fibular nerve (a terminal branch of the common fibular nerve)
  • Blood supply: anterior tibial artery
23
Q

Fibularis / peroneus tertius

A
  • anteriorni kompartment!
  • Origin: medial surface of the fibula
  • Insertion: the fifth metatarsal
  • Action: dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot
  • Innervation: deep fibular nerve (a terminal branch of the common fibular nerve)
  • Blood supply: anterior tibial artery
24
Q

Clinical relevance - posteriorni

A

ruptura ahilove tetive

25
Q

Clinical relevance - anteriorni

A

kompartment syn

poškodba n. peroneus communis -> foot drop!

poškodba povzroči paralizo anteriornega in lateralnega kompartmenta

26
Q

Noga - key points

A

posteriorni kompartment = plantarna fleksija, supinacija, fleksija prstov + n. tibialis!!

lateralni kompartment = pronacija + n. peroneus superficialis

anteriorni kompartment = dorzifleksija, supinacija, ekstenzija prstov + n. peroneus profundus

poškodba n. peronus communis = padajoče stopalo! - L5!!!

MSK anatomija (3 decks)

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