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Microbiology > Std Lecture > Flashcards

Std Lecture Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is VD?

A

Venereal diseases

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2
Q

What is STD?

A

Sexually transmissible diseases

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3
Q

What is STI?

A

Sexually transmissible infections

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4
Q

Incubation period of syphillis

A

9-90 days

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5
Q

Incubation period of HHV-2

A

3-7days

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6
Q

Incubation period of gonorrhea

A

1-5 days

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7
Q

Incubation period of chancroid

A

1-7 days

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8
Q

Incubation period of genital warts

A

1-6 months

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9
Q

Incubation period of AIDS

A

3months- 15yrs

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10
Q

Incubation period of LGV

A

1-5 wks

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11
Q

Incubation period of nongonococcel urethritis (NGV)

A

1-4 wks

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12
Q

Causative organism of trichomoniaisis

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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13
Q

Incubation period of trichomomiasis

A

2-28 days

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14
Q

Causative organism of syphillis

A

Treponema pallidum

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15
Q

Causative organism of candidiadis

A

Candida albicans

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16
Q

Incubation period of candidiasis

A

1-4 wks

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17
Q

Causative organism of gonorrhea

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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18
Q

Causative organism of chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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19
Q

Causative organism of AIDS

A

HIV ( Human immunodeficiency Virus)

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20
Q

Causative organism of genital warts

A

Papilloma virus

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21
Q

Causative organism of herpes genitalis

A

Human herpes virus-2

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22
Q

Causative organism of LGV

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

23
Q

Full meaning of LGV

A

Lymphogranuloma venerum

24
Q

Causative organism of granuloma inguinale

A

Calymatobacterium granulomatis

25
Q

Causative organism of NGU

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

26
Q

REASONS FOR THE SPREAD OF STDs

A
  1. Difficulty in obtaining accurate information because of the stigma attached to STDs.
    •2. Failure to intercept transmission because of short incubation period.
    •3. Increase in societal permissiveness and promiscuity.
    •4. Rejection of traditional moral codes and principles.
    •5. Urbanization and industrialization.
    •6. Greater and easier mobility due to technological advancement.
    •7. Drug abuse and resistance to antibiotics.
    •8. Erosion of fear of pregnancy due to effective and cheap contraceptives.
    •9. Reservoir of infection in women.
    •10. Absence of vaccines.
    •11. Inadequate funding and facilities.
    •12. Ignorance.
27
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF STDs

A

Group 1. The old or classical STDs, which include gonorrhoea, syphilis, chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum and granuloma inguinale. These five constitute the true or so-called “venereal diseases”.
•Group 2. All other STDs except HIV/AIDS
•Group 3. HIV/AIDS
• The newer the STD (or lower in the group above), the more difficult to diagnose and manage.

28
Q

Stds are commoner :
•In sexually active adults – both males and females, usually between ages

A

15-40 yrs

29
Q

Stds are commoner In older children by

A

Sexual abuse

30
Q

Stds are commoner in younger children by

A

vertical infection (i.e. from infected mother to child in utero

31
Q

The use of Condom ……. STD prevalence.

A

Lowers

32
Q

The mode of infection could be by

A

un-protected sex (vaginal or anal or oral), or vertically from an infected mother to her child (in-utero or trans-placental), or through blood and blood products.

33
Q

Some medical effects of STDs on the population
•
•A. In Males

A

•
•A. In Males
• 1. Urethral stricture
• 2. Sub-fertility and infertility
• 3. Genital cancer
• 4. Death

34
Q

Some medical effects of stds on the population
B. In Females

A

B. In Females
• 1. Pelvic inflammatory disease ( PID)
• 2. Sub-fertility and infertility
• 3. Ectopic pregnancy
• 4. Spontaneous abortion
• 5. Still birth
• 6. Cervical cancer
• 7. Death

35
Q

Some medical effects of stds on the population

•C. In Children

A

•C. In Children
• 1. Severe sepsis
• 2. Eye infections  blindness
• 3. Pneumonia
• 4. Growth retardation
• 5. Malformations
• 6. Death

36
Q

The main objectives of STDs/HIV control should include:

A

•1. Interruption of the transmission of the infections.
•2. Prevention of the development of infection, complications and sequellae.
•3. Reduction in the risk of HIV infection.

37
Q

The spread of HIV is facilitated 2-9 times by the presence of …..

A

The spread of HIV is facilitated 2-9 times by the presence of STDs, especially the genital ulcer diseases.

38
Q

HIV infects ……….. every minute worldwide while HIV-positive mothers double every ……. years.

A

HIV infects sixteen persons every minute worldwide while HIV-positive mothers double every two years.

39
Q

The true global extent of STDs is unknown due to:

A

•1. Asymptomatic infections esp. in females
•2.Lack of access to STD facilities
•3.Lack of routine screening
•4.Fear of stigma.

40
Q

Generally, STD risk is highest between ages 15-30 years and the incidence drops thereafter. Some of the reasons for this include:

A
  1. Maturity
  2. Formation of stable relationships (marriage) and
    3.Less sexual drive
41
Q

Globally, STDs are known to be twice as common in the age bracket …….years than in any other age groups. Because females mature faster than males and therefore marry earlier than males and also because older males tend to go for younger females, STDs are higher in females than males between ages …….years. However, in all ages above …..years, STDs tend to be higher in males than females.

A

Globally, STDs are known to be twice as common in the age bracket 15-29 years than in any other age groups. Because females mature faster than males and therefore marry earlier than males and also because older males tend to go for younger females, STDs are higher in females than males between ages 10-19 years. However, in all ages above 20 years, STDs tend to be higher in males than females.

42
Q

Causative organism of molluscum-contagiosum

A

Pox virus

43
Q

Incubation period of molloscum-contagium

A

1-12 wks

44
Q

Examples of parasites

A

Sarcoptes scabies
Phthirus

45
Q

Examples of protozoa

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

46
Q

Examples of fungi

A

Candida albicans
Epidermophyton inguinale

47
Q

Examples of spirochetes

A

Treponema pallidum

48
Q

Examples of bacteria

A

Neisseria gonorrhea
Haemophilus ducreyi
Calymatobacterium granulomatis

49
Q

Examples of chlamydia

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

50
Q

Examples of viruses

A

Human herpes virus-2
Pox virus
Papilloma virus
Hepatitis B virus
Human immunodeficiency virus

51
Q

Causative organism of serum hepatitis

A

Hepatitis B virus

52
Q

Causative organism of scabies

A

Sacroptes scabies

53
Q

Incubation period of scabies

A

1-8 wks

Microbiology (7 decks)

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