Statistics Chapter 1 (and a bit of 2) (Displaying Data)

Question 1

What is data

Answer 1

The information gathered from experiments, surveys and observations

Question 2

Definition of statistics

Answer 2

Statistics is the art and science of learning from data

Question 3

What are the 3 components of statistics

Answer 3

1. Experimental design (conducting the experiment). 2.) Descriptive statistics (summarizing the data). 3.) Inferential statistics (learning from the data and generalizing)

Question 4

Explain POPULATION and SAMPLE

Answer 4

Population is the total set of subjects we are interested in. A sample is the subset of the population for which we have data.
We can then use descriptive statistics to summarize with graphs, or use inferential statistics to make conclusions about the whole population.

Question 5

What is the difference between a parameter and a statistic

Answer 5

A parameter is a numerical summary of the population. A statistic is a numerical summary of a sample taken from the population.
Statistic is more descriptive while parameter is more inferential

Question 6

Definition of variable

Answer 6

General: a thing that can take multiple values. In psychology: a variable is a characteristic observed in a study

Question 7

Explain a categorical variable

Answer 7

A variable that is a category

Like yes or no, or what your bachelor is.

Question 8

Explain a quantitative variable

Answer 8

A variable that has a numerical value.

Like what was your rank in Mario kart, or what is your age

Question 9

What forms can quantitative variables take

Answer 9

Discrete (just a number) and continuous (an interval of numbers like time or weight)

Question 10

What is a frequency table

Answer 10

A listing of possible values for a variable together with the number of observation for each value

Question 11

What graphs are used to display categorical variables

Answer 11

Pie charts and bar graphs

Because they want to display proportion

Question 12

What graphs are used to display quantitative data

Answer 12

Histogramms, but also dot and stem and leaf charts

Because they want to display shape

Question 13

What forms can distributions take

Answer 13

Unimodal of the distribution has a single mole, bimodal if it has 2 moles

Question 14

What does is a skewed distribution

Answer 14

A distribution with a stretch to one direction

Question 15

What measures show the center of distribution

Answer 15

Mean (average) and median (middle value)

Question 16

What is the mode

Answer 16

The value that occurs most frequently

Question 17

When is a median better then a mean

Answer 17

When a distribution is highly skewed (high outliers), as it is more resitatnt to those values