Introduction to Psychology Chapter 9 (Memory, Attention and Consciousness) Flashcards
What parts of the brain give you the ability to memorise new facts
the hippocampus and surrounding structures in the temporal lobes
What happens when you have amnesia in the temporal lobe
In case of temporal love amnesia memory is not entirely gone, things like learning new skills is still good
What are the 5 human skills that are in memory
In the memory is
- language,
- problem solving,
- decision making,
- self knowledge
- social knowledge
What are the three phases of memory or learning tests in research.
- Learning phase (something is presented)
- Retention time (time between learning and testing (Ablenkung)
- Testing Phase (memory of learning time is tested)
Explain Implicit memory
it means you are unaware of remembering, others can see it
- Classical conditioning
- Procedural memory (skills)
- Priming (unconscious hearing of words and then retrieving them)
Explain Explicit memory
it means you are aware of remembering
- Semantic (general knowledge through experience)
- Episodic (personal memories with time aspect (what have you eaten this morning)
they happen in the Hippocampus
Very important in eyewitness reports (leading question)
What does the most used information processing model contain.
- sensory memory (the input of all senses is hold here and transfered to short term memory the attention is focused on it. )
- short term memory (here the concious mental work and takes part, where input from the sensory or long term memory can be focused. They are lost quickly if not attended to. Its capacity is for about 7 items.
- long term memory (here information is encoded through the short term memory and can also be retrieved. Some information may be lost over time.)
What is Inattentional blindness
What is Change blindness
Occurs when visual attention is directed at something else (gorilla in basketball game)
Can’t see change in two flashing pictures if they are masked (because we are good at noting changes
Explain Selective attention
Humans can selectively focus on certain stimuli, while the others are shortly analysed in the sensory memory but not processed. We only shift our attention if something meaningful occurs in a certain stimuli.
What types of working memory processes are there
Automatic: takes no efforts (own name, sudden change)
Controlled/Effortful: concious and depending on intelligence and motivation
Some skills can be developed to become automatic (reading for example)
Most processes are a mix of both
Explain fast and slow thinking
Fast thinking: things that come easily to mind without concious thinking (2+2=_)
Slow thinking: things that have to be thought of activ and consiously (13x41=__)
When both processes interfer, the fast thought often has to be stopped by the slow thought –>stroop effect (words of colour with different colour)
Explain the three parts of working memory
- Phonological Loop (maintain verbal information by subvocally repetition (certain languages are faster as they speak faster))
- visiospatical sketchpad (holding visual and spatial information)
- central executive (Is the person itself, switch between tasks and mindsets)
What are two core assumptions of the information process models
- An individial has limited mental resources on processing information (energy, storage space, time)
- Information moves through a system of different stores.
Explain preattentive focusing
preattentive focusing is when a stimuli is unconciously processed, for example when priming, which is when a word or image is unconsiously processed and activates a long term memory which alters decision (bunny on tree)
What determines how well something is encoded into longterm memory
It depends on
- Elaboration (Actively thinking about the stuff and relating to it)
- Organization (sorting into chunks or hyrachie)
- Vizualisation (imagining an image with the information)
It also depends how long it has been in the LTM, how often it has been retrived and if the person slept after encoding it.
