Statistics and Mechanics Chapter 1 - Data Collection Flashcards
Flashcards covering all information needed from Chapter 1 of the Statistics and Mechanics ActiveLearn textbook.
Quota sampling
The population is split into groups and a certain number from each group is chosen in any order.
Stratified sampling
The population is split into groups and a proportional representation of the different groups is selected.
Simple random sampling
Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
Opportunity sampling
A convenient sample is taken from any members of the population at any time.
Systematic sampling
A repetitive system used to select a sample from the population.
A researcher uses simple random sampling on a list of gym members to research what times they go to the gym. What is the sampling frame?
The membership list.
Pros and cons of quota sampling
Pros:
No sampling frame required, allows a small sample to still be representative of the population, quick, easy, inexpensive
Cons:
Potential for bias, population must be divided into groups, which can be costly or inaccurate.
Pros and cons of stratified sampling
Pros:
Accurate, cost effective, prevents bias, guarantees proportional representation
Cons:
A sampling frame is needed, population must be clearly classified into distinct strata
Pros and cons of simple random sampling
Pros:
Simple, quick, cheap, free of bias, each sampling unit has an equal chance of selection
Cons:
Time consuming and expensive when sample size is large, requires a sampling frame
Pros and cons of opportunity sampling
Pros:
Quick and easy, does not need a sampling frame, inexpensive
Cons:
Unlikely to provide a representative sample, highly dependent on individual researcher
Pros and cons of systematic sampling
Pros:
Simple and quick, suitable for large samples
Cons:
Needs a sampling frame
What is a population?
The whole set of items that are of interest
Pros and cons of a census
Pros:
Should give a completely accurate result
Cons:
Time consuming, expensive, hard to process large quantity of data
Pros and cons of a sample
Pros:
Less time consuming and expensive than a census, less data than a census
Cons:
Data may not be as accurate, the sample may not be large enough to give information about small sub-groups of the population
What are sampling units?
The individual units of a population.
