Statistics

Question 1

The science of assembling, classifying, tabulating, and analyzing data of a numerical nature to present significant information about a given subject.

Answer 1

Statistics

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

An entire group of observations that have at least one characteristic in common

Question 3

A representative group of elements selected from the total population.

Answer 3

Sample

Question 4

Parameter

Answer 4

A characteristic of a population

Question 5

Statistic

Answer 5

A characteristic of a sample

Question 6

A collection of discrete information (numbers, scores, measurements)

Answer 6

Data

Question 7

Qualitative Data versus Quantitative Data

Answer 7

Qualitative- Non-numeric data

Quantitative- Numeric data

Question 8

Assigning numbers to observations according to pre-set rules

Answer 8

Measurement

Question 9

Variable

Answer 9

A measured characteristic that can have various values or levels

Question 10

Discrete variables

Answer 10

Have only certain values (whole numbers)

Question 11

Continuous variables

Answer 11

Can have any value (whole numbers, decimals, fractions)

Question 12

A way of summarizing data from samples, i.e. tables and graphs

Answer 12

Descriptive statistics

Question 13

Three ways to summarize data

Answer 13

tabular, graphical, numerical

Question 14

Tabular

Answer 14

 Frequency Distribution
 Cumulative Frequency Distribution
 Grouped Frequency Distribution
 Cumulative Grouped Frequency Distribution

Question 15

Graphical

Answer 15

 Graphs from Frequency Distribution
 Frequency Histogram
 Bar Graph
 Frequency Polygon

Question 16

Numerical

Answer 16

 Measures of Central Tendency

 Measures of Variability

Question 17

What does “N” represent?

Answer 17

Total frequency for the distribution

Question 18

What is cumulative frequency?

Answer 18

Frequency of the scores including the frequency of the previous scores (i.e. a running tally)

Question 19

What is grouped frequency distribution?

Answer 19

When data has more than 20 scores, the frequency distribution would not summarize the data much, need to group it.

Question 20

Which axis is referred to as the abscissa of the graph or the category axis?

Answer 20

X-axis

Question 21

Which axis is referred to as the ordinate or the value axis?

Answer 21

Y-axis

Question 22

How is a histogram similar to a bar graph?

Answer 22

A histogram is similar to a bar graph but is used to represent data at the ratio or interval data, while the bar graph is used to represent nominal or ordinal data.

Question 23

T/F: A histogram has gaps in between the bars.

Answer 23

False, no gaps

Question 24

Bar graph

Answer 24

A bar graph is used to represent nominal or ordinal data. The bars are separated by a space.

Question 25

Frequency polygon

Answer 25

A frequency polygon is a curve. It can be created with intervals.

Question 26

What are the measures of central tendency?

Answer 26

Mean, median, mode

Question 27

Median

Answer 27

The middle value of a data set.

Question 28

Mode

Answer 28

The most frequent value in the data set.

Question 29

Mean

Answer 29

The average of the data set.

Question 30

Population mean

Answer 30

N

Question 31

Sample mean

Answer 31

n

Question 32

Measures of variability

Answer 32

Range, variance, standard deviation

Question 33

Range

Answer 33

The range is the difference between the highest data value and the lowest value plus 1 for whole number data.

Range = (highest value – lowest value) + 1

Question 34

Variance

Answer 34

The average squared deviation of the scores from the mean.

Question 35

Population variance

Answer 35

Sigma squared

Question 36

Sample variance

Answer 36

S squared

Question 37

T/F: The formula for the variance by the raw score method is mathematically equivalent to the deviation score method.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

How is raw score method different?

Answer 38

Don’t include the mean