statistics

Question 1

median

Answer 1

middle value
odd = (n+1)/2
even = (n/2+(n+1)/2)/2

Question 2

mode

Answer 2

most frequent value

Question 3

absolute frequency

Answer 3

count/number

Question 4

relative frequency

Answer 4

percent of observations

Question 5

cumulative absolute/relative frequency

Answer 5

skumulowane wartości procenty

Question 6

outliers

Answer 6

wartości graniczne
delete = trimmed mean
replace = winsorised mean

Question 7

quartile/
quintiles/
decilies/
percentiles

Answer 7

kwartyle/
n/5
n/10
n/100

co n-ty wyraz

Question 8

disperation

Answer 8

rozproszenie

Question 9

central tendency

Answer 9

tendencja centralna

Question 10

range

Answer 10

max vol - miz vol
when no shape of the distribution, sensitive to outliers

Question 11

mean absolute deviation

Answer 11

suma|x-xsr|/n

Question 12

sample variance/popul variance

Answer 12

sample = mianowki (n-1)
popul = mianownik = n

Question 13

downside deviation/semideviation

Answer 13

to samo tylko zamiast od średniej odejmujemy od jakiejś minimalnej wartości i dzielimy przez n-1. ważne że interesują nas jedynie mniejsze wartości

when we want a return x% instead of mean we use x% because we are concerned about values below this level

Question 14

coefficient of variation (CV)

Answer 14

CV=S/xśr, measure of relative dispertion (procentowo). level of risk per unit of return (odchylenie standardowe/średnia)
the lower the less risk

Question 15

Skewness

Answer 15

positively = more on the begining
negatively = more at the end

Question 16

interquartile range

Answer 16

the difference between the third and first quartiles

Question 17

the higher the dispersion of a distribution, the greater the difference between the arithmetic mean

Question 18

kurtosis

Answer 18

k = 0 - normal distribution

k>3 - higher at the head thinner at the shoulders more on tail. = fat-tailed (leptokurtic)

k<3 lower at the head more at the shoulders lower tail. = thin-tailed (platokurtic)

Question 19

excess kurtoisis

Answer 19

kurtoisis - 3

Question 20

limitations of correlation

Answer 20

1. Spurious correlation (pozorna korelacja)
2. linear association only
3. correlation does not imply causation
4. not good with outliers

Question 21

n-tiles number

Answer 21

The position of the first quintile is found with the following formula:

Ly = (n + 1) × (y/100),where

y = the percentage point at which the distribution is divided. In this case, y = 20, which corresponds to the 20th percentile (first quintile)

n = the number of observations (funds) in the peer group. In this case, n = 13