Statistics Flashcards
What is significance
a statisical term that tells us how sure we are that a difference or correlation exists (is true)
What is probability
The likelihood that the data obtained is due to chance (rather than your manipulation of the IV)
What is a Type 1 error
A ‘false positive’.
You incorrectly reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis, but you shouldn’t have done.
What is Type 2 error
Type 2
A ‘false negative’
You have kept the null hypothesis and incorrectly rejected the alternative hypothesis, but you should have kept the alternative hypothesis.
What is a level of measurement
the level of measurement refers to the nature of the scale used to measure a variable e.g Nominal, Ordinal, Interval
What is Nominal Data
Nominal Level: This is the lowest level of measurement. Variables at this level are categorical and can only be classified into different categories. Examples include gender, ethnicity, or favorite color. Nominal data only allow for classification and cannot be ranked or ordered.
What is Ordinal data
Ordinal Level: At this level, variables not only fall into categories but also have a meaningful order or ranking. However, the intervals between the categories are not uniform or meaningful. An example is a Likert scale in a survey where respondents rate their agreement on a scale of 1 to 5.
What is Interval Data
Interval Level: Variables at this level have a meaningful order, and the intervals between consecutive points on the scale are equal and meaningful. However, there is no true zero point. Temperature measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit is an example of interval data. In psychology, psychological tests that provide numerical scores without a true zero point (e.g., IQ tests) are also considered interval
What three factors do you need in order to choose a statistical test
1 Difference. (Test of difference or association)
2 Design (Independent groups/or repeated measures/Matched pairs )
3 Data (Nominal, Ordinal, Interval)
