Statistics

Question 1

First stage of experimentation?

Answer 1

Form hypothesis.

Question 2

Second stage of experimentation?

Answer 2

Test hypothesis.

Question 3

Third stage of experimentation?

Answer 3

Analyze results.

Question 4

Fourth stage of experimentation?

Answer 4

Draw conclusions.

Question 5

When are statistics used during experimentation?

Answer 5

Analyzing results.

Question 6

We organize and analyze data to…

Answer 6

draw conclusions from it.

Question 7

null hypothesis

Answer 7

assumption that there will be no difference between groups

Question 8

alternate hypothesis

Answer 8

assumption that there will be a difference between groups

Question 9

If there is a significance difference between the groups, we…

Answer 9

reject the null hypothesis and accept and alternate hypothesis.

Question 10

quantitative data

Answer 10

numerical measurements or quantities

Question 11

qualitative data

Answer 11

categorical measurements

Question 12

population

Answer 12

large group that would be difficult to experiment on

Question 13

sample

Answer 13

small subset of a population that can be experimented on

Question 14

descriptive statistics

Answer 14

describes our data by looking at certain trends/patterns throughout a sample

Question 15

inferential statistics

Answer 15

makes generalization to a larger population with the data from a sample

Question 16

Descriptive statistics are measures of…

Answer 16

central tendency and variablility.

Question 17

measures of central tendency

Answer 17

single statistic that best describes the center of a distribution of data

Question 18

Examples of measures of central tendency are…

Answer 18

mean, median, and mode.

Question 19

measures of variability

Answer 19

statistics that tell us how different the data are from each other

Question 20

Examples of measures of variability are…

Answer 20

range and standard deviation.

Question 21

mean

Answer 21

most representative number from a dataset

Question 22

standard deviation

Answer 22

amount of variance around the mean; how different the numbers are

Question 23

Normal distribution is represented by…

Answer 23

a bell curve.

Question 24

Descriptive statistics describe…

Answer 24

our data using measures like mean and standard deviation.

Question 25

Inferential statistics examine…

Answer 25

the means and variability of each group in order to tell us if they are different from each other.

Question 26

Sampling error arises because…

Answer 26

no sample can perfectly mimic the population.

Question 27

standard error of the mean (SEM)

Answer 27

indicates how well the standard deviation of a sample represents the standard deviation of the population

Question 28

law of large numbers

Answer 28

larger the sample size, the more probably that the sample mean will be close to the population mean

Question 29

central limit theorm

Answer 29

large samples will approximate the normal distribution

Question 30

standard error bars

Answer 30

illustrate the standard error of the mean (SEM) on a graph

Question 31

Standard error bars show…

Answer 31

the variation from the mean.

Question 32

If standard error bar does not overlap with bar, then…

Answer 32

they significantly different from each other.

Question 33

confidence interval

Answer 33

range of values so defined that there is a specified probability that the value of a parameter lies within it

Question 34

If an experiment has a 95% confidence interval, then…

Answer 34

if we replicated the same experiment with the same amount of participants 100 times, we would expect 95/100 times the group mean would fall within confidence interval.

Question 35

t-tests

Answer 35

used to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between two sets of data

Question 36

We calculate the t-statistic value by…

Answer 36

comparing the mean of two data sets and dependency on degree of freedom.

Question 37

T-statistic leads to…

Answer 37

p-vale which decides whether or not the difference is statistically significant.