Methodology Flashcards

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1
Q

experimental methods

A

aim to determine cause/effect relationships by manipulating/controlling certain factors/variables

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2
Q

Experimental methods include…

A

manipulations (independent variable), studied outcome (dependent variable), and control group.

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3
Q

descriptive methods

A

aim to describe behavior without manipulations

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4
Q

Descriptive methods include…

A

naturalistic observations, surveys, case studies, and correlational.

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5
Q

Correlation does not…

A

equal causation.

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6
Q

external validity

A

extent to which findings of a study can be generalized to other people, settings, and measures

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7
Q

internal validity

A

extent to which cause/effect relationship established in study cannot be confidently explained by other factors

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8
Q

between-subjects design

A

makes comparison between groups of participants to determine effect of I.V.

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9
Q

Between-subjects design includes two groups known as…

A

the experimental and control group

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10
Q

experimental group

A

group receiving manipulation

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11
Q

control group

A

treated exactly the same as experimental group without experimental manipulation

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12
Q

Positive of between-subjects designs is…

A

no practice effect.

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13
Q

Negative of between-subjects design is…

A

need many participants.

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14
Q

within-subjects design

A

subjects exposed to all levels of manipulation (I.V.)

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15
Q

Within-subjects design includes…

A

only one group of participants who all receive same conditions and participants own performance is basis of comparison

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16
Q

Positive of within-subjects design is…

A

need fewer participants.

17
Q

Negative of within-subjects design is…

A

performance potentially influenced by previous experience

18
Q

mixed design

A

have characteristics of both Between and Within designs

19
Q

psychological construct

A

label for a set of behaviors

20
Q

operationalize

A

to determine an indirect method of measuring something that cannot be measured directly