Statistics

Question 1

what is statistics?

Answer 1

a range of procedures for gathering, organizing, analyzing and presenting data

Question 2

what is the goal of statistics

Answer 2

provide a better understanding of data collected and presented
objectively problem solve
allows sets of data to be compared to gain meaningful analysis of trends and results
provide a common language among researchers

Question 3

levels of measurement

Answer 3

data in its raw form, unanalyzed and unsorted

Question 4

examples of levels of measurement

Answer 4

age, test score, speed, gender, disease status

Question 5

descriptive statistics

Answer 5

statistics and graphs used to describe data

snapshot of data

Question 6

examples of descriptive statistics

Answer 6

mean, median, mode, standard deviation, frequency, percentage, variance

Question 7

inferential statistics

Answer 7

used to make a decision in order to answer study question

Question 8

examples of inferential statistics

Answer 8

t-test, ANOVA, chi-squared test, regression, effect size, confidence interval

Question 9

variable

Answer 9

any characteristic that can and does assume different values for the different people, objects, or events being studied

Question 10

qualitative

Answer 10

involves description, utilizes observation, listening, understanding, etc

Question 11

quantitative

Answer 11

countable, involves numbers that represent constructs

Question 12

mixed-method

Answer 12

studies that collect both

Question 13

continuous data

Answer 13

data with numeric values

Question 14

examples of continuous data

Answer 14

exam scores, age, weight, height

Question 15

categorical data

Answer 15

data with categorical values

Question 16

examples of categorical data

Answer 16

gender, race, disease status

Question 17

nominal

Answer 17

categorical data

variable with categories that do not have specific order or ranking

Question 18

gender, blood type, ethnic identity, religion, smoking status, martial status - is this nominal, ordinal, ratio or interval?

Answer 18

nominal

Question 19

ordinal

Answer 19

categorical data

variable with categories that have specific order, but no specific difference between each category

Question 20

highest degree obtained, birth order, satisfaction with nursing care received - is this nominal, ordinal, ratio or interval?

Answer 20

ordinal

Question 21

interval

Answer 21

continuous data

variable with categories that have specific order and differences between measurements is consistent but no true zero

Question 22

temperature, age in categories - is this nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio?

Answer 22

interval

Question 23

ratio

Answer 23

continuous data

variable with categories that have specific order and differences between measurements is consistent with true zero

Question 24

weight, age in years, numbers of years spent in schools, IQ score, reaction time in seconds, number of children, annual income in dollars - is this nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio?

Answer 24

ratio

Question 25

frequency distributions

Answer 25

representations of the number of individuals in each category on the scale of measurement

Question 26

what does a frequency distribution allow

Answer 26

allows the researcher to have a glance at the entire data conveniently

Question 27

measures of central tendency

Answer 27

summary measure that attempts to describe a whole set of data with a single value that represents the middle or center of its distribution

avg of data collection

Question 28

measures of variability

Answer 28

helps determine the degree of variation within a population or sample

can aid in determining how representative a particular score is of a data set