Statistical Principles In Paychological Research

Question 0

Inferential Statistics

Answer 0

Procedures for assessing whether the results obtained with a sample are likely to reflect characteristics of the population as a whole

Question 1

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 1

Numbers that describe the data from a study in a way that summarises their essential features

Question 2

Frequency Distribution

Answer 2

A method of organising the data to show how frequently participants received each of the many possible scores

Question 3

Histogram

Answer 3

Plots ranges of scores along the x axis and the frequency of scores in each range along the y axis

Question 4

Measures of Central Tendency

Answer 4

Measures which provide an index of the way a typical participant responded

Question 5

Mean

Answer 5

Average of the scores of all participants, found by dividing the total of all scores by the number of participants

Question 6

Mode

Answer 6

The most common score

Question 7

Median

Answer 7

The score that falls in the middle of the distribution

Question 8

Standard Deviation

Answer 8

The amount the average participant deviates from the mean of the sample

Question 9

Normal Distribution

Answer 9

The scores of most participants fall in the middle of a bell-shaped distribution, and progressively fewer participants have scores at either extreme

Question 10

Percentile Scores

Answer 10

The percentage of scores that fall below a score

Question 11

Variability

Answer 11

The extent to which participants tend to differ from one another

Question 12

Statistical Significance

Answer 12

The likelihood that results of a study have occurred simply by chance

Question 13

Probability Value (p value)

Answer 13

Represents the probability that any positive findings obtained with the sample (such as differences between two experimental conditions) were just a matter of chance

Question 14

Effect Size

Answer 14

A measure of the magnitude of an experimental effect or the strength of a relationship

Question 15

Chi-square Test

Answer 15

Compares the observed data with the results that would be expected by chance and tests the likelihood that the differences between observed and expected are accidental. This test is used if both DV and IV are categorical

Question 16

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

Answer 16

A statistical procedure used to compare the means of two or more groups

Question 17

T Test

Answer 17

A test of statistical significance used when comparing the mean scores of two groups