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Quantitative Research > Statistical Principles > Flashcards

Statistical Principles Flashcards

1
Q

What is ‘x’

A

The numerical value of an observation

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2
Q

what is ‘n’

A

Number of sampling units in a sample

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3
Q

what is ‘x bar’

A

sample mean

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4
Q

what is ‘s’

A

sample standard deviation

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5
Q

what is ‘P’

A

probability

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6
Q

what is ‘H0’

A

null hypothesis

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7
Q

what is ‘H1’

A

alternative to a null hypothesis

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8
Q

what does ‘Descriptive Statistics’ do?

A
  • Organise
  • Summarise
  • Simplify
  • Describe and present data
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9
Q

what does ‘Inferential Statistics’ do?

A
  • Generalise from samples to populations
  • Hypothesis testing
  • Make predictions
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10
Q

what is the lowest level of information?

A

Nominal

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11
Q

what is the 3rd best level of information?

A

Ordinal

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12
Q

what is the 2nd best level of information?

A

Interval

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13
Q

what is the highest level of information?

A

Ratio

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14
Q

what is nominal level data?

A
  • Classification
  • Does no more than identify categories (names/classification)
  • Team position/ Ethnicity/ Marital status
  • Categories are mutually exclusive
  • The name of a category can be substituted by a number but it is simply a label with no numeric meaning
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15
Q

What is ordinal level data?

A
  • Order
  • Can still be classified but can also now be rank ordered
  • The distance between ranks, it has no meaning
  • Ranks can’t be manipulated mathematically
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16
Q

What is interval level data?

A

*Distance

  • The distance between units has meaning, e.g. the distance between 70-80 is the same as 30-40
  • But a value of zero does not indicate an absolute zero, meaning ratios don’t make any sense
  • Score on IQ test of 40, is not 2 40’s.
17
Q

What is ratio level data?

A
  • Natural Origin
  • Characteristics of all the other but now has a natural origin (includes an absolute zero)
  • Age, weight, height
  • Anything you can construct a meaningful fraction (or ratio)
18
Q

What level of measurement is VO2max (ml.kg.min-1)?

A

Ratio

19
Q

What level of measurement is Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE: scale 1-20)

A

Ordinal or interval

20
Q

What level of measurement is Energy intake (calories)

A

Ratio

21
Q

What level of measurement is Body Mass Index (kg.m-2)

A

Ratio

22
Q

What level of measurement is Weight classification (healthy weight, obese)

A

Ordinal

23
Q

What level of measurement is Profile of Mood States (POMS: scale 1-7)

A

Ordinal or interval

24
Q

What level of measurement is Blood group

A

Nominal

25
Q

what is ‘S2’

A

sample variance

26
Q

what is ‘N’?

A

Number of sampling units in a population

27
Q

what is capital sigma (backwards E thing)?

A

the sum of

28
Q

what is ‘mu’ (the cross between a q and u)?

A

population mean

29
Q

what is sigma (an o with a cap)?

A

population standard deviation

30
Q

what is sigma squared (an o with a cap with a 2)?

A

population variance

31
Q

What is the mean?

A

The mean is the average or norm

32
Q

Whats is the median?

A

The median is the middle value

33
Q

What is the mode?

A

The mode is the most frequent value

34
Q

What is the range?

A

The range is the difference between the lowest and the highest value

35
Q

What is variation from the mean?

A

x - xbar
e.g. if the x value is 79
and xbar is 69.65
the variation from the mean is 9.35

Quantitative Research (5 decks)

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