ANOVA Flashcards
How is the familywise error calculated?
1 - (0.95)n (n is the power of)
what is a type 1 error?
rejecting the null hypothesis when it is really true
what is the familywise error?
the calculation of accuracy of the data, so a decrease in the number the less accurate the data is
what is SST?
Total sum of squares
what is SSM?
model sum of squares
what is SSR?
residual sum of squares
how is the amount of variability between the scores calculated?
total sum of squares
how is the amount of variability that can be explained by the model calculated?
model sum of squares
how is the amount of variability that can’t be explained by the model calculated?
residual sum of squares
how is one sum of squares calculated?
the difference from the mean of the score squared
the mean of the score 10 the individual score is 15, the diff is 5, that is squared to make 25, all the sum of squares are added up to make SST.
During an ANOVA, when is the experiment considered successful
when the SSM is greater than SSR
ANOVA compares variances using what?
the F-ratio
what does the F-ratio use, instead of sums of squares?
Mean squares
how is the F-ratio calculated?
MSM/MSR
what is MSM?
variance of the experimental model
what is MSR?
residual variance (error)
what is MS?
mean squares
what is mean squares?
mean squared differences, calculated from the total sums of squares between and within
an ANOVA is a what test?
Omnibus
when testing normality, if you have over 50 people you should use?
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test (KS)
when testing normality, if you have 50 or under you should use?
Shapiro-Wilk test (SW)
Homogeneity of variance is assessed by opting for
Levene’s test
Levene’s test is only used when using?
the One-Way ANOVA
if the result of Levene’s test is p > 0.05 (over)
we can assume homogeneity of variance
if the result of Levene’s test is p < 0.05 (under)
we should consider data transformation or using a non-parametric equivalent (Kruskal-Wallis H test)
Post hoc tests are used when?
when the F ratio comes out at a significant level, so the data is significant but needs to be found exactly where
what is most used post hoc test in sports science research?
Bonferroni
Bonferroni is most stringent in?
preventing type 1 errors
What is an alternative to Bonferroni?
Tukey’s procedure
what do post hoc tests do?
pairwise comparisons of the data
what does the bonferroni test do?
it divides the alpha value by the number of comparisons, to prevent the familywise error (eg. the type 1 error)
factor in SPSS means?
independent variable
in the results, how is the mean square calculated?
sum of squares divided by the degrees of freedom
when is a one way ANOVA used?
when there is three or more groups using one measure
when is a repeated measure ANOVA used?
when there is 3 or more groups and the data is collected at different times or under different conditions
what are the advantages of using a repeated measures design?
Sensitivity * Unsystematic variance is reduced * more sensitive to experimental effects Economy *less participants are needed
what is the sphericity assessment?
Mauchly’s test
