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Occlusion > Station Exam Pt. II > Flashcards

Station Exam Pt. II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the uses of an articulator:

A
  1. Diagnosis
  2. Treatment planning
  3. Communicate with patients/patient education
  4. fabrication of prostheses/restorations
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2
Q

What are characteristics of semi-adjustable articulators?

A
  1. Used the most
  2. Allow for opening/closing
  3. Allow excursive (lateral) & protrusive movements
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3
Q

What are the characteristics of a non-adjustable or “hinge: articulator?

A
  1. Allow only opening/closing movements
  2. Can be used for single posterior restorations
  3. Their use can change the closure angle and by doing so the final restoration will present premature contacts
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4
Q

Describe an Arcon semi-adjustable articulator:

A
  • Condyles in lower member
  • Condylar indication in upper member
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5
Q

When the condylar indication is in the ______ member, this more closely resembles what is in the patients mouth

A

Upper member

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6
Q

Describe a Non-Arcon articulator:

A
  • mainly used for removable prosthodontics
  • Condyles in upper member
  • Condylar inclination in the lower member
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7
Q

What type of articulator do we use?

A

Arcon (Semi-adjustable)

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8
Q

What is the purpose of a facebow?

A

To orient the maxillary cast to the rotational axis in three planes

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9
Q

Using a facebow will result in _____ articulation of subsequent _____ casts

A

Reproducible; maxillary

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10
Q

The facebow orients the dental cast in the same relationship to the ______of the aritculator

A

opening axis

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11
Q

What are usually the anatomic references?

A
  1. Mandibular condyles
  2. Transverse horizontal axis
  3. One other selected anterior point
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12
Q

What does an ear-bow index to & what does it register?

A

The external auditory meatus; Registers the relation of the maxillary arch to a horizontal reference plane

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13
Q

What is the third point of reference?

A

The anterior reference point- it should be repeatable & reproducible; it is parallel to the upper and lower arms of the articulator

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14
Q

The facebow orients the maxillary cast to a:

A

Reference plane

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15
Q

The reference plane requires 3 points including:

A

2 on each side of the face and one on the anterior face

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16
Q

When should you use a facebow?

A
  • When cusp teeth are present
  • Interocclusal records are made at an increased OVD
  • When the OVD is subject to change
  • Alteration in occlusal surfaces are necessary
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17
Q

Where does the mandible articulate with the skull?

A

At the temporal bone

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18
Q

How many bones make up the maxilla and where do they fuse?

A

Two; fuse at the mid-palatal suture

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19
Q

What is the superior border of the maxilla

A

The floor of the nasal cavity & orbit

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20
Q

What is the inferior border of the maxilla?

A

The palate & the alveolar ridge

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21
Q

What are the components of the maxilla?

A

Body & processes (zygomatic, frontal, alveolar, palatine)

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22
Q

T/F: The mandible is the largest and strongest bone in the skull

A

True

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23
Q

What are the components of the mandible?

A

Body (horizontal part)
Ramus (Vertical part)

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24
Q

What is the superior aspect of the mandible:

A

Alveolar crest & teeth

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25
Q

What is the posterior aspect/bodt of the mandible:

A

The mandibular angle and ascending ramus

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26
Q

What makes up the ascending ramus?

A

Coronoid process and condyle (where protrusions & lateral movements of the mandible occur)

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27
Q

What do the condyles articulate with?

A

Cranium

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28
Q

What does the squamous portion of the temporal bone articulate with?

A

The mandibular condule

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29
Q

What is the function of the articular eminence:

A

Tolerate heavy forces

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30
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid

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31
Q

What are the two heads of the masseter and how do their fibers run?

A

Superficial head: downward & backward
Deep head: vertical

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32
Q

What are the three distinct divisions of the temporalis and how do they fibers run?

A

Anterior: fibers run vertically- only does elevation

Middle: fibers run obliquely across lateral aspect of skull- does elevation & retrusion

Posterior: Fibers run horizontally & come forward above ear to joint other temporalis fibers- only does retrusion

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33
Q

What are the two heads of the lateral (external) pterygoid?

A

Superior lateral pterygoid (smaller of the two bellies)

Inferior lateral pterygoid (Extends backward, upward & outward)

34
Q

Masster action:

A
  • Elevates the mandible
  • Provides force for chewing
  • Superficial head: aids in protrusion
    Deep head: stabilizes condyle against the eminence
35
Q

What is the function of the ANTERIOR temporalis:

A

Raises mandible vertically

36
Q

What is the function of the MIDDLE temporalis:

A

Elevates & retrudes the mandible

37
Q

What is the function of the POSTERIOR temporalis:

A

Aids in retrusion of mandible

38
Q

What is the function of the medial pterygoid:

A

-Elevates the mandible
-Protrudes the mandible

39
Q

What does unilateral contraction of the medial pterygoid result in?

A

Results in mediotrusion (mandible moves towards midline)

40
Q

What does bilateral contaction of the lateral pterygoid inferior head result in?

A

Causes condyles to be pulled down the articular eminences and the mandible is protruded

41
Q

What does unilateral contraction of the lateral pterygoid inferior head result in?

A

Mediotrusive movement (downward, forward, medially)

42
Q

Describe the power stroke of the lateral pterygoid superior head:

A

This muscles is active during mandibular closure against the resistance of chewing

43
Q

What muscles of mastication form the masseter sling, and whats its function?

A

Masseter & Medial pterygoid- functin to keep mandible in its place and stabilize it

44
Q

Depression of the mandible invovles:

Contraction of-

Relaxation of-

A
  1. Inferior lateral pterygoid
  2. Digastric
  3. Masseter
  4. Medial pteryogoid
  5. Temporalis
45
Q

Elevation of the mandible involves:

Contraction of-

Relaxation of-

A
  1. Masseter
  2. Medial pterygoid
  3. Temporalis
  4. Superior lateral pterygoid
  5. Inferior lateral pterygoid
  6. Digastric
46
Q

Right lateral movement of the mandible involves:

Contraction of-

Relaxation of-

A
  1. Left inferior lateral pterygoid

1.Right inferior lateral pterygoid
2. Slight relaxation of elevators

47
Q

Left lateral movement of the mandible involves:

Contraction of-

Relaxation of-

A
  1. Right inferior lateral pterygoid
  2. Left inferior lateral pterygoid
  3. Slight relaxation of pterygoids
48
Q

Protrusion of the mandible involves:

Contraction of-

Relaxation of-

A
  1. Mainly the inferior lateral pterygoids
  2. Assisted by masseter
  3. Assisted by medial pterygoids

Relaxation=NONE

49
Q

Retrusion of the mandible involves:

Contraction of-

Relaxation of-

A
  1. Temporalis

Relaxation=NONE

50
Q

What are the three reference positions in Posselt’s envelope of motion?

A

CR
MI
Postural position

51
Q

CR is the position of the mandible in which the condyles are in the most superior and anterior position n the articular fossae, resting against the posterior slopes of the articular eminences with the articular discs ______

A

Interposed

52
Q

When the mandible is in CR, the condyles can rotate around a horizontal axis up to an opening of the mandible of ______ measured at the central incisors:

A

20-25 mm

53
Q

If opening of the mouth beyond 20-25mm, then ____ of the mandible occurs

A

Translation

54
Q

Pure rotational movement can be referred to as _____ movement

A

Hinge

55
Q

In maximum intercuspation, the mandible is _____ as ____ as possible in the sagittal plane

A

Elevate as superiorly as possible

56
Q

This position does NOT provide any information in regards to the TMJ

A

MI

57
Q

In MIP, the condyle-disc assembly is _____&_____ and/or _____or ____ or a combination of the above compared to their position in CR

A

Anterior & inferior

Medial or lateral

58
Q

Usually in MIP the condyle-disc assembly is:

A

Anterior & inferior

59
Q

Clinically if the patient needs minimal restorations what position do we put them in?

A

MI

60
Q

The habitual postural position of the mandible when the patient is resting comfortably in the upright position & the condyles are in a neutral unstrained position in the glenoid fossa:

A

Physiological rest position (also called postural position)

61
Q

In this position there are equilibrium between the forces acting on the mandible:

A

PP

62
Q

The physiological rest position does NOT give us any information in regards to:

A

The condyles or the teeth

63
Q

In PP the teeth are apart and there is a wedge of space between them, what is this wedge of space referred to as?

A

Interocclusal space (normally 2-3mm)

64
Q

Clinically is used to determine the OVD in edentulous patients or in patients with severely worn dentition:

A

Interocclusal space during PP

65
Q

The distance measured between two points when the occluding members are in contact:

A

OVD

66
Q

Types of mandibular movement:

A
  1. Rotation
  2. Translation
  3. Combination
67
Q

The mandible moves in what three planes:

A
  1. Horizontal
  2. Frontal
  3. Sagittal
68
Q

The mandibular movements are limited by: (3)

A
  1. Ligaments
  2. Articular surfaces of the TMJ
  3. Morphology/alignment of teeth
69
Q

The outter range of movement of the mandible

A

Border movement

70
Q

This type of movement occurs during functional activity of the mandible and are confined within the border movements:

A

Functional movements

71
Q

Functional movements of the mandible begin & end in:

A

MI

72
Q

Border & functional movements in the sagittal plane are usually referred to as:

A

Posselt’s envelope

73
Q

List the four movement components of Posselt’s Envelope:

A
  1. Posterior opening border
  2. Anterior opening border
  3. Superior contact border
  4. Functional movements
74
Q

During opening of the mouth, condyles will rotate then translate forward and down the articular eminence

What aspect of posselt’s envelope does this describe?

A

Posterior opening border movement

75
Q

During posterior opening border movement:

During opening of the mouth, condyles will _____ & the _____ the articular eminence:

A

Rotate & then translate forward and down

76
Q

During posterior opening border movement:

Maximum opening is reached when:

A

The capsular and temporomandibular ligament prevent further movement

77
Q

This represents the movement from maximum opening to maximum protrusion

What aspect of posselt’s envelope does this describe?

A

Anterior opening border movement

78
Q

During anterior opening border movement:

Maximum protrusion is determined partly by the ______ ligaments

A

Stylomandibular

79
Q

During anterior opening border movement, when maximum protrusion is reached the condyles are in the most _______ position

A

anterior

80
Q

The initial tooth contact occurs between the mesial inclines of the maxillary teeth & the distal inclines of the mandibular teeth

What aspect of Posselt’s envelope does this describe?

A

Superior contact border movement

Occlusion (4 decks)

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