Station 2 Flashcards
Differentials for Palpitations
Cardiac arrhythmias including AF
Mitral valve prolapse
Aortic/Mitral regurgitation
Hyperthyroidism
Diabetes (hypoglycaemia)
Pregnancy
Phaechromocytoma
Carcinoid syndrome
Differentials for Chest Pain
Angina
ACS
Aortic dissection
Pericarditis
Respiratory causes
Pancreatitis
Peptic ulcer
Costochondritis
Rheum History
- PRRESS:
Pain
Rash
Raynaud
Stiffness
Swelling - Dry eyes/mouth/throat/cough/kidneys
- B symptoms
Differentials for Haemoptysis
Lung cancer
TB
HIV (Opportunistic infections)
PE
Rheum:
- Goodpasture’s syndrome
- Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Neurogenic diabetes insipidus
High ADH
Pituitary adenoma
Meningitis
Sheehan syndrome
Sarcoidosis
Haemochromatosis
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Lithium, tetracyclines
Post-obstructive uropathy
Investigation for diabetes insipidus
Fluid deprivation test
MRI head
US kidneys
Causes of dactylitis
Psoriatic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Reactive arthritis
Sarcoidosis
Sickle cell disease
Tuberculosis
Paget’s disease
Hearing loss
Optic atrophy from compression
Hypercalcaemia
Kidney stones
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Can cause osteosarcoma
Treat with bisphosphonates or calcitonin
Causes of Hypercalcaemia
Hyper-parathyroidism
Multiple myeloma
Cancer
Vitamin D toxicity
Sarcoidosis
Symptoms of Hypercalcaemia
Painful bones
Renal stones
Abdominal groans, vomiting, ulcers, pancreatitis
Constipation & polyuria
Cardiac arrhythmias - short QT
Confusion
Differentials for bruising
Haemophilia A (factor 8 def, X-linked recessive, treat with factor infusions and lifestyle)
Von Willebrand’s disease
Vitamin K deficiency
Liver disease affecting clotting
Steroid use
Symptoms of Cauda equina syndrome
Severe back pain
Bilateral sciatica
Perianal (‘saddle’) anaesthesia
Urinary retention / bowel symptoms
