Station 1: Lymph Vessels and Lymph Nodes Flashcards
How much lymph gets drained per day on average?
~3L (125ml per hour)
What is the function of the lymphatic system? And what is its downfall?
Defends the body against microorganisms and foreign substances.
Yet, also serves as a routs of spread of cancer cells from primary tumours
What are the major lymph node groups in the upper arm / axillary region?
Infraclavicular group
Lateral Group
Central Group
Subscapular Group
Pectoral Grou[
Where do the axillary lymph nodes receive their lymph from?
And where do they drain to?
From the arm, from the abdominal wall above the umbilicus, and from most of the breast
Drain to the supclavian lymph trunk
The deep cervical nodes are near which major vessel of the neck?
Internal jugular vein
Which lymph vessels unite to form the Right Lymphatic Trunk?
Right Jugular Lymph Trunk
Right Subclavian Lymph Trunk
R Bronchomediastinal Lymph Trunk
What are the major upper, left lymph vessels that drain into the thoracic duct in the thorax?
Left Jugular Lymph Trunk
Left Subclavian Lymph Trunk
L Bronchomediastinal Lymph Trunk
Where do the thoracic and right lymphatic ducts drain their lymph into the bloodstream?
At the L and R venous angles. Venous angles are formed by the uniting of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein into the brachocephalic vein. The thoracic duct drains into the left venous angle, and the right lymphatic duct drains into the right lymphatic angle
What are the major lymph nodes of the lower limb and where to they drain?
Popliteal nodes drain to the deep inguinal nodes, or less commonly to the superficial inguinal nodes.
Superficial inguinal nodes drain to deep inguinal nodes.
Which drain to internal/external iliac nodes, then common iliac nodes, then paraaortic (lateral aortic) nodes, which drain into the cisterna chyli via the lumbar lymph ducts
What nodes drain into the Cysterna Chyli? Then where does lymph go?
Lateral aortics and Inferior Mesenteric via the lumbar lymph trunks
Coeliac and Superior Mesenteric Nodes drain via the interstinal lymph trunk
From Cysterna Chyli, lymph drains into the thoracic duct.
When might a Lymph node enlarge?
Whilst undergoing antigenic stimulation
What is the distribution of Plasma, B and T cells in a lymph node?
B cells mainly comprise the lymph follicles in the cortex of the node.
T cells tend to localise about the outer portion of the follicles, and in the outer cortex.
Plasma cells mainly occur in medullary cords (comprised of lymphatic tissue, plasma cells, macrophages, B cells and other lymphocytes)
What other important cell types exist in a lymph node and where?
Histocytes (immobile macrophages) and reticular cells in medullary sinuses
Macrophages and other lymphocytes in medullary cords (along with plasma and B cells)
Dendritic cells in lymph follicles (although they are mainly comprised of B cells)
What is the difference between a primary and secondary follicle?
Secondary follicle has a germinal centre in response to an antigen (B cell proliferation). Primary follicles do not have a germinal centre
What are the large cells in the follicles?
Could be dendritic cells. Otherwise, is reference to Centroblasts. B cells in germinal centres of follicles become centroblasts - they undergo monoclonal expansion, undergo proliferation. Once they finish proliferating, they are termed centrocytes. These cells need to be activated by PDC cells to survive. Then they become either plasma or B cells.
