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Engineering Science > Statics Of Rigid Bodies > Flashcards

Statics Of Rigid Bodies Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Mechanics?

A

A science that describes and predicts the conditions of rest and motion of bodies under the action of forces.

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2
Q

What is a rigid body?

A

Many particles with fixed positions relative to one another.

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3
Q

What are the subcategories of the mechanics of rigid bodies?

A

Statics and dynamics

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4
Q

What does static mean?

A

The object is at rest.

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5
Q

What does dynamic mean?

A

The object is in motion.

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6
Q

Who started mechanics?

A

Mechanics goes back all the way to Aristotle and Archimedes but Newton was the one who laid the foundations.

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7
Q

What acts as the basis of engineering science?

A

Newtonian mechanics.

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8
Q

What are the basic concepts dealt with in mechanics?

A

Space, time, mass, force

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9
Q

What is a particle?

A

A small amount of matter assumed to be a point.

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10
Q

What is the parallelogram law for the addition of forces?

A

2 forces acting on a particle can be replaced by a single resultant force which is the diagonal of the parallelogram made by the forces.

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11
Q

What is the principle of transmissibility and what are the conditions for this to hold true?

A

The conditions for equilibrium will not change if the force is applied at a different point on the body provided the force has the same magnitude, direction, line of action, and provided it is acting on a rigid body.

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12
Q

What is Newton’s 1st law?

A

Law of inertia- an object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by an imbalanced force.

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13
Q

What is Newton’s 2nd law?

A

f=ma

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14
Q

What is Newton’s 3rd law?

A

Forces and reactions between bodies in contact have the same magnitude, opposite sense and the same line of action.

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15
Q

What is Newton’s Law of Gravitation?

A

2 particles are attracted to each other depending on their masses and distance from each other.

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16
Q

Define a vector.

A

Mathematical expressions with both magnitude and direction.

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17
Q

What things define a force?

A

Magnitude, direction, line of action, sense and point of application.

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18
Q

What is a fixed vector?

A

A vector that can’t be moved without changing the problem.

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19
Q

What are free vectors?

A

Vectors that can be moved around.

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20
Q

What are equal vectors?

A

Same magnitude and direction

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21
Q

Define moment.

A

Measure of the tendency of a body to rotate about a point or axis.

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22
Q

What is the formula for moment?

A

Moment= force x distance

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23
Q

Considering the properties of a force, when will moment exist?

A

When equal and opposite forces (same magnitude, opp. Direction) have different lines of action.

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24
Q

What is the moment arm?

A

The perpendicular distance between the line of action of the force and the center of moments.

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25
Q

Define center of moments.

A

The actual point about which the force causes rotation.

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26
Q

Define couple.

A

2 equal and opposite force, parallel lines of action, produce rotation but not translation, separated by a perpendicular distance

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27
Q

Define equilibrium.

A

State of balance between opposing forces.

28
Q

Describe an object in equilibrium with regards to spinning and accelerating.

A

Not spinning or accelerating.

29
Q

What’s the mathematical condition for equilibrium?

A

0 force and moment in all dimensions

30
Q

A free body diagram shows all the _____ forces acting on a body.

A

External.

31
Q

Def. applied force.

A

Force exerted by another person or object.

32
Q

Def. gravity force.

A

Object’s weight.

33
Q

Def. normal force.

A

Support force exerted on an object in contact with another stable object.

34
Q

Def. frictional force.

A

Force exerted by a surface as an object moves across it.

35
Q

What is the gravitational pull of a massive body on an object ?

A

Weight.

36
Q

Where is the force of an object assumed to be concentrated?

A

Center of gravity?

37
Q

What is the average position of all the particles of an object?

A

Center of mass.

38
Q

When does the center of gravity equal the center of mass?

A

When g is constant.

39
Q

What is the geometric center of an object?

A

Centroid.

40
Q

When does the center of mass equal the centroid?

A

When the object has constant density.

41
Q

What is a load?

A

A force applied to a structure

42
Q

What are the ways of describing a load?

A

Types, distribution, time, location and method of application.

43
Q

What are loads according to the types?

A

Dead, live, wind, earthquake, snow.

44
Q

What are the types of loads according to time?

A

Static, sustained, impact, cyclic.

45
Q

What are the types of loads according to distribution?

A

Concentrated, distributed

46
Q

Motion resisting forces at the supports of an object are called…

A

Reactions

47
Q

What is a normal reaction?

A

Reaction perpendicular to the contact support.

48
Q

What is a hinge reaction?

A

Reaction that resists horizontal and vertical motion but not rotation.

49
Q

What is a cantilever?

A

Resists both forces and moments. A beam supported on one end.

50
Q

What is friction?

A

A reaction that develops between sliding bodies.

51
Q

If the bodies only tend to slide, the friction is called…

A

Static

52
Q

The type of friction that develops between sliding bodies is called..

A

Dynamic friction.

53
Q

What do you call the state of motion when the object is about to slide?

A

State of impending motion.

54
Q

Static friction is directly proportional to the…

A

Normal force and relative roughness.

55
Q

A load that passes through the centroid of the resisting section

A

Centric/axial

56
Q

Load applied parallel to the cross section

A

Shearing

57
Q

Load that twists

A

Torsional

58
Q

Load that bends

A

Flexural

59
Q

What is stability?

A

Property of an object that causes it to develop actions that restore the original condition when disturbed from a condition of equilibrium.

60
Q

These are responses to small disturbances which restore equilibrium.

A

Stable equilibrium.

61
Q

What is overturning moment?

A

The moment that causes an object to tip over.

62
Q

What is the moment that restores an object to its original condition?

A

Restoring moment.

63
Q

The type of equilibrium where overturning moments develop.

A

Unstable equilibrium

64
Q

The type of equilibrium when the body is displaced and it stays in the new position.

A

Marginally stable equilibrium.

65
Q

Stable objects have…

A

Wide base, low center of gravity

Engineering Science (3 decks)

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