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FE EXAM Mechanical Concepts > Statics and Dynamics > Flashcards

Statics and Dynamics Flashcards

Refresh concepts for the FE Mechanical Exam

1
Q

Front (Question)

A

Back (Answer)

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2
Q

What is vector addition of forces in statics?

A

Vector addition of forces involves summing up all the forces acting on an object to find the resultant force.

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3
Q

Describe the conditions for equilibrium in statics.

A

Conditions for equilibrium require that the sum of all forces and the sum of all moments about any point are zero.

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4
Q

What are coplanar force systems?

A

Coplanar force systems are those in which all the forces lie in the same plane.

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5
Q

Explain the difference between static and dynamic equilibrium.

A

Static equilibrium involves no movement, whereas dynamic equilibrium involves motion but no acceleration.

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6
Q

How is the method of joints used in truss analysis?

A

The method of joints analyzes each joint of a truss separately to solve the forces in the truss members using equilibrium.

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7
Q

What is the significance of the center of gravity in statics?

A

The center of gravity is the point at which the total weight of a body is considered to be concentrated.

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8
Q

How do you calculate moments of inertia?

A

Moments of inertia are calculated by integrating the product of the mass element and the square of its distance from the axis of rotation.

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9
Q

What does the coefficient of static friction describe?

A

The coefficient of static friction describes the frictional force resistance between two objects before motion starts.

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10
Q

How is rectilinear motion described in kinematics?

A

Rectilinear motion refers to motion along a straight line, described by displacement, velocity, and acceleration.

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11
Q

What distinguishes kinetic from static friction?

A

Kinetic friction occurs between moving surfaces, whereas static friction acts between surfaces at rest relative to each other.

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12
Q

Explain Newton’s second law for particles.

A

Newton’s second law states that the force acting on a particle is equal to the mass of the particle multiplied by its acceleration.

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13
Q

What is the work-energy principle for particles?

A

The work-energy principle states that the work done on a particle is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.

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14
Q

Define the impulse-momentum theorem for particles.

A

The impulse-momentum theorem states that the change in momentum of a particle is equal to the impulse applied to it.

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15
Q

Describe rotational motion of rigid bodies.

A

Rotational motion involves a rigid body spinning around an internal axis, characterized by angular velocity and acceleration.

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16
Q

How do gear trains function in mechanisms?

A

Gear trains transmit rotational motion between gears, altering the speed and torque of connected components.

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17
Q

What is rotational dynamics?

A

Rotational dynamics studies the effects of forces and torques on the rotational motion of bodies.

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18
Q

How is angular impulse-momentum used in dynamics?

A

Angular impulse-momentum relates the angular impulse applied to a rigid body to the change in its angular momentum.

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19
Q

What factors affect the natural frequency of a system?

A

Natural frequency is influenced by the system’s stiffness and mass distribution.

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20
Q

Describe the role of damping in free and forced vibrations.

A

Damping reduces the amplitude of vibrations over time and is crucial in preventing resonance disasters in forced vibrations.

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21
Q

What is the importance of vector addition in force systems?

A

Vector addition allows for the resultant force and direction to be determined, which is crucial in analyzing static equilibrium.

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22
Q

How does the analysis of spatial force systems differ from coplanar systems?

A

Spatial force systems involve forces acting in three dimensions, requiring consideration of force components along three axes.

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23
Q

Explain the method of sections in truss analysis.

A

The method of sections involves cutting the truss and analyzing the equilibrium of one of the resulting sections to solve for unknown forces.

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24
Q

How are frictional forces calculated?

A

Frictional forces are calculated as the product of the normal force and the coefficient of friction between the two surfaces.

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25
Q

Define curvilinear motion in dynamics.

A

Curvilinear motion involves movement along a curved path, requiring the analysis of components of motion in a coordinate system suited to the path.

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26
Q

What is the significance of kinetic friction in motion?

A

Kinetic friction acts to oppose the direction of motion and affects the acceleration and energy usage of moving objects.

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27
Q

Describe the application of Newton’s second law to rigid bodies.

A

It applies to calculate the resultant acceleration based on the net force and the mass moment of inertia of the body.

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28
Q

What is energy methods in dynamics used for?

A

Energy methods involve using conservation of energy principles to solve for velocities and displacements without directly solving differential equations.

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29
Q

How does the conservation of momentum apply to collision analysis?

A

Conservation of momentum is used to analyze the motion of bodies before and after collisions, assuming no external forces.

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30
Q

Explain the concept of linkages in mechanism kinematics.

A

Linkages are assemblies of rigid bodies connected by joints

31
Q

What is the role of frames in statics?

A

Frames are structures designed to support loads, transferring forces and moments to the foundation.

32
Q

How does a truss differ from a frame?

A

Trusses have members that are pin connected and forces are only axial, whereas frames have members that may experience bending moments and shear forces.

33
Q

What is the difference between centroids and centers of gravity?

A

Centroids refer to the geometric center of a shape, while centers of gravity refer to the point where gravity acts on a body.

34
Q

Explain the principles of static friction.

A

Static friction resists the initiation of sliding motion between two surfaces; it must be overcome by an external force for motion to start.

35
Q

How is the equilibrium of rigid bodies analyzed?

A

Analysis involves ensuring the net force and the net moment about any point or axis are zero, indicating no acceleration.

36
Q

Describe spatial force systems in statics.

A

Spatial force systems involve forces acting in three-dimensional space, requiring vector resolution and equilibrium in three axes.

37
Q

What are the implications of different coefficients of static friction on material selection?

A

Higher coefficients indicate greater friction, which is beneficial for applications needing resistance against sliding.

38
Q

How is the moment of inertia calculated for composite shapes?

A

The moment of inertia for composite shapes is calculated by summing the moments of inertia of each component shape about the same axis.

39
Q

What is meant by the ‘work-energy of rigid bodies’?

A

It refers to the principle that the work done on a rigid body is converted into kinetic energy, considering rotational and translational motion.

40
Q

Explain the concept of ‘impulse-momentum’ in rigid bodies.

A

The impulse-momentum concept states that the change in momentum of a body is equal to the impulse applied to it, useful in collision analyses.

41
Q

What is ‘free vibration’ and how is it different from ‘forced vibration’?

A

Free vibration occurs without external forces, characterized by the system’s natural frequency, while forced vibration is caused by external forces.

42
Q

Describe the application of Newton’s second law for rigid bodies.

A

It’s used to determine the acceleration of a body under the influence of external forces, accounting for mass distribution and rotational effects.

43
Q

How do you determine the natural frequency of a system?

A

The natural frequency is determined by the system’s stiffness and mass distribution, often calculated using the system’s dynamic model.

44
Q

What are the typical applications of kinetic friction in engineering?

A

Kinetic friction is considered in applications involving moving parts, such as machinery and vehicles, to estimate energy losses and wear.

45
Q

How is rectilinear motion analyzed in dynamics?

A

Rectilinear motion is analyzed by considering the displacement, velocity, and acceleration along a straight path, using Newton’s laws of motion.

46
Q

What factors influence the damping in a vibrational system?

A

Damping is influenced by material properties, system design, and environmental factors, affecting the rate of energy loss in oscillating systems.

47
Q

Explain the significance of gear trains in mechanical systems.

A

Gear trains transmit mechanical power between shafts, altering the torque and rotational speed according to gear ratios.

48
Q

How are linkages used in kinematic analysis?

A

Linkages are mechanisms composed of rigid bars connected by joints, analyzed to understand the motion of connected parts.

49
Q

What methods are used to calculate static friction forces?

A

Static friction forces are calculated using the coefficient of static friction multiplied by the normal force acting between the contacting surfaces.

50
Q

How does impulse affect the momentum of rigid bodies?

A

Impulse, the product of force and the time it acts, changes the momentum of rigid bodies, integral in collision dynamics.

51
Q

Describe the process of calculating centroids in composite bodies.

A

Centroids in composite bodies are calculated using the weighted average of the centroids of individual components, based on area or volume.

52
Q

What is the role of moments of inertia in rotational motion?

A

Moments of inertia measure the resistance of a body to changes in its rotational motion about an axis.

53
Q

How are external forces analyzed in the equilibrium of rigid bodies?

A

External forces are balanced with internal forces to ensure no net force or moment, maintaining equilibrium.

54
Q

What are the engineering considerations for static and kinetic friction in design?

A

Considerations include material selection, surface treatments, and lubrication to manage friction according to functional requirements.

55
Q

How is curvilinear motion described in the context of particle kinematics?

A

Curvilinear motion involves movement along a curved path, analyzed using components of motion in tangential and normal directions.

56
Q

Describe the conservation principles used in impulse-momentum analyses.

A

Conservation of momentum principles state that the total momentum before an impulse must equal the total momentum after, assuming no external forces.

57
Q

A. Resultants of force systems

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58
Q

B. Concurrent force systems

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59
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C. Equilibrium of rigid bodies

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60
Q

D. Frames and trusses

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61
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E. Centroids and moments of inertia

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62
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F. Static friction

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63
Q

A. Kinematics of particles

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64
Q

B. Kinetic friction

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65
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C. Newton’s second law for particles

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66
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D. Work-energy of particles

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67
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E. Impulse-momentum of particles

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68
Q

F. Kinematics of rigid bodies

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69
Q

G. Kinematics of mechanisms

A

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70
Q

H. Newton’s second law for rigid bodies

A

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71
Q

I. Work-energy of rigid bodies

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72
Q

J. Impulse-momentum of rigid bodies

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73
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K. Free and forced vibrations

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FE EXAM Mechanical Concepts (6 decks)

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