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FE EXAM Mechanical Concepts > Mechanics of Materials and Material Properties > Flashcards

Mechanics of Materials and Material Properties Flashcards

Refresh concepts for the FE Mechanical Exam

1
Q

Front (Question)

A

Back (Answer)

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2
Q

What are the main types of beams considered in shear and moment diagrams?

A

Common types include simply supported, fixed, and cantilever beams.

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3
Q

How does Mohr’s circle assist in failure analysis?

A

Mohr’s circle helps visualize and calculate principal stresses and their orientations, critical in assessing stress conditions that may lead to failure.

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4
Q

Describe the effects of axial loads on material properties.

A

Axial loads cause normal stress and strain, potentially altering mechanical properties such as stiffness and ductility.

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5
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What is the significance of the neutral axis in bending?

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The neutral axis is the fiber in beam sections that experiences no stress during bending.

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6
Q

How is shear stress distributed in a circular shaft under torsional load?

A

Shear stress in a circular shaft under torsion is maximum at the surface and zero at the axis.

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7
Q

Define the polar moment of inertia and its relevance to torsional loads.

A

The polar moment of inertia measures resistance to torsional deformation, critical for shaft design.

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8
Q

Explain how temperature changes cause stress in materials.

A

Temperature changes can cause expansion or contraction, leading to thermal stress if deformation is constrained.

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9
Q

What is superposition of stresses in combined loading?

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Superposition involves adding individual stress components from different loads to determine the total stress state in a member.

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10
Q

How are deformations measured in materials testing?

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Deformations can be measured using devices like strain gauges, which monitor changes in material length under load.

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11
Q

What factors affect the buckling of columns?

A

Factors include the column’s material properties, cross-sectional area, length, and end conditions.

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12
Q

Describe a statically indeterminate system.

A

A statically indeterminate system has more unknown supports or internal forces than available equilibrium equations.

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13
Q

What are the chemical properties of materials important in engineering?

A

Chemical properties include reactivity, corrosion resistance, and chemical stability under operational conditions.

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14
Q

How do electrical properties affect material selection?

A

Electrical properties like conductivity and resistivity determine a material’s suitability for electrical and electronic applications.

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15
Q

What defines mechanical properties of materials?

A

Mechanical properties include strength, hardness, ductility, and toughness, indicating how materials respond to mechanical forces.

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16
Q

How is thermal conductivity important in material selection?

A

Thermal conductivity affects a material’s ability to conduct heat, crucial in applications like heat exchangers and thermal insulation.

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17
Q

What is shown in a stress-strain diagram?

A

It shows the relationship between stress and strain under applied forces, illustrating elastic and plastic behavior.

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18
Q

Differentiate between ferrous and nonferrous metals.

A

Ferrous metals contain iron, are typically magnetic, and prone to corrosion; nonferrous metals do not contain iron and are more resistant to corrosion.

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19
Q

Why are composites considered engineered materials?

A

Composites are engineered for specific properties, combining two or more materials to achieve performance not possible with individual components.

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20
Q

List some common manufacturing processes.

A

Common processes include casting, forging, machining, and joining.

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21
Q

What is the significance of phase diagrams in materials science?

A

Phase diagrams show the stable phases of a material under different conditions of temperature and pressure, guiding heat treatment and alloy design.

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22
Q

How does corrosion control impact material lifespan?

A

Effective corrosion control extends the lifespan of materials by reducing degradation in aggressive environments.

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23
Q

What are the primary considerations in materials selection?

A

Considerations include mechanical properties, cost, availability, environmental impact, and compatibility with other materials.

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24
Q

How is fatigue different from fracture in failure mechanisms?

A

Fatigue results from cyclic stress, causing progressive structural damage, while fracture is the separation of a body into two or more pieces under stress.

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25
What is creep in materials, and what factors influence it?
Creep is the time-dependent permanent deformation under constant load, influenced by temperature, material type, and time.
26
Describe the method for constructing shear and moment diagrams.
Constructing diagrams involves calculating shear and moment values at key points along the beam, based on applied loads and support conditions.
27
How does the axial load affect the stress and strain in a material?
Axial loads cause uniform normal stress across the cross-sectional area, resulting in elongation or compression.
28
What is the role of Mohr's circle in stress analysis?
Mohr's circle provides a graphical method to determine principal stresses, maximum shear stresses, and their orientations.
29
Explain the role of the bending stress equation in beam design.
The bending stress equation relates the bending moment, material properties, and cross-sectional geometry to calculate the stress in a beam.
30
What does Mohr's circle represent in stress analysis?
Mohr's circle graphically represents the state of stress at a point, showing principal stresses and maximum shear stresses.
31
How do axial loads affect stress and strain in materials?
Axial loads cause normal stress (compression or tension) and corresponding strain along the axis of the material.
32
What is the importance of understanding bending loads in materials?
Understanding bending loads is crucial for predicting the stress distribution and potential failure points in structural elements like beams.
33
Describe the stress caused by torsional loads.
Torsional loads induce shear stress perpendicular to the radius, affecting the material's ability to resist twisting forces.
34
How does shear affect materials structurally?
Shear forces cause sliding failure along the plane of the force, critical in beam, bolt, and soil design.
35
Explain the impact of temperature changes on material stress.
Temperature changes can expand or contract materials, causing thermal stress if the material is constrained.
36
What are the challenges of combined loading in structural design?
Combined loading involves multiple types of stresses simultaneously, complicating analysis and increasing the risk of failure.
37
How are deformations analyzed in engineering?
Deformations are analyzed using strain measurements, which reflect the material's response to stress and load conditions.
38
What factors influence column buckling?
Column buckling is influenced by the material's modulus of elasticity, moment of inertia, length, and end conditions.
39
Define statically indeterminate systems.
Statically indeterminate systems are structures where the internal forces cannot be determined by static equilibrium equations alone.
40
What properties are considered in mechanical material properties?
Mechanical properties include elasticity, plasticity, toughness, hardness, and strength.
41
How are stress-strain diagrams used in material testing?
Stress-strain diagrams help identify material properties like yield strength, ultimate strength, and ductility.
42
What distinguishes ferrous metals in material science?
Ferrous metals primarily contain iron, making them prone to rusting but also magnetic and strong.
43
What are the typical uses of nonferrous metals?
Nonferrous metals are used where lighter weight, higher conductivity, or corrosion resistance are needed, such as in electronics or aircraft.
44
Why are engineered materials like composites and polymers important?
Engineered materials offer tailored properties that can achieve performance not possible with natural materials, such as high strength-to-weight ratios.
45
Describe the relevance of phase diagrams in materials engineering.
Phase diagrams provide information on the stability of phases at different temperatures and compositions, guiding alloy design and heat treatment.
46
How does material selection impact product performance and cost?
Material selection directly affects the product's mechanical performance, durability, manufacturability, and overall cost.
47
What are common methods for controlling corrosion?
Common methods include coatings, corrosion inhibitors, cathodic protection, and material choice.
48
How do thermal failure mechanisms impact materials?
Thermal failure mechanisms like thermal fatigue occur due to cyclic thermal stresses, leading to cracking and failure.
49
Explain the significance of fatigue in engineering materials.
Fatigue leads to failure under cyclic stress, lower than the material's static failure stress, and is critical in design of rotating machinery and structural components.
50
What is fracture toughness in material science?
Fracture toughness measures a material's resistance to crack propagation, critical for assessing performance under stress.
51
How does creep affect materials under high temperature?
Creep causes materials to deform slowly under constant stress, especially at high temperatures, affecting long-term stability and strength.
52
What is the role of chemical properties in material selection?
Chemical properties influence a material's reactivity and stability, affecting its suitability in various environments.
53
How does electrical conductivity affect materials in applications?
Electrical conductivity determines a material's ability to conduct electricity, crucial for electrical and electronic applications.
54
What are the benefits of using polymers in manufacturing?
Polymers offer versatility, light weight, corrosion resistance, and ease of fabrication, beneficial in many industries.
55
How is the manufacturing process selection crucial in engineering?
The manufacturing process affects the material properties, production speed, and cost, influencing the overall quality and feasibility of the product.
56
Describe the impact of heat treating on metal properties.
Heat treating can alter the microstructure of metals, enhancing properties like strength, hardness, and ductility.
57
How are phase transformations used to improve material properties?
Phase transformations, controlled through heat treating, alter the microstructure to enhance properties like toughness and wear resistance.
58
A. Shear and moment diagrams
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B. Stress transformations and Mohr's circle
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C. Stress and strain caused by axial loads
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D. Stress and strain caused by bending loads
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E. Stress and strain caused by torsional loads
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F. Stress and strain caused by shear
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G. Stress and strain caused by temperature changes
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H. Combined loading
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I. Deformations
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J. Column buckling
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K. Statically indeterminate systems
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A. Properties (e.g., chemical, electrical, mechanical, physical, thermal)
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B. Stress-strain diagrams
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C. Ferrous metals
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D. Nonferrous metals
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E. Engineered materials (e.g., composites, polymers)
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F. Manufacturing processes
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G. Phase diagrams, phase transformation, and heat treating
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H. Materials selection
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I. Corrosion mechanisms and control
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J. Failure mechanisms (e.g., thermal failure, fatigue, fracture, creep)
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FE EXAM Mechanical Concepts (6 decks)

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