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Physics > Static Electricity and current electricity > Flashcards

Static Electricity and current electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

Polythene rod

A

Gains electrons

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2
Q

Perspex rod

A

Loses electrons

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3
Q

Earthing

A

Occurs when a charged object loses its charge to the earth through a conductor

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4
Q

Static electricity

A

is a build up of electric charge that can occur on good insulators e.g polythene and Perspex rods

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5
Q

Electric current

A

Is a flow of electric charge (electrons)

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6
Q

Conductors

A

Are substances which allow electric current to flow through them freely

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7
Q

Insulators

A

Are substances which do not allow electric current to flow through them

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8
Q

Closed circuit

A

A closed circuit is needed for the current to flow, if there is a break in a circuit then the current won’t flow.

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9
Q

Energy provided

A

By a battery or power pack, it is needed to move the current around the circuit

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10
Q

The battery pumps electrons

A

From its negative end around a circuit

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11
Q

The electrons are attracted

A

Back to the positive end of the battery

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12
Q

Potential difference

A

The difference in electrical pressure between the positive and negative ends of a battery/power pack

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13
Q

Whenever there is a potential difference

A

Electricity will flow

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14
Q

This potential difference is known as

A

Voltage and is measured in volts

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15
Q

Resistance

A

Is the opposite to the flow of electrons. The unit is the ohm, and it is measured using an ohmmeter

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16
Q

If a resistor

A

Is placed in an electric circuit, it will slow down the flow of electrons

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17
Q

Ohm’s law

A

Ohm’s law states that voltage is directly proportional to current

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18
Q

DC

A

Direct current goes in one direction only

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19
Q

AC

A

Alternating current changes quickly, many times a second

20
Q

Mains supply

A

The mains supply (the electricity in out homes, supplied by the ESB) is A.C
It flows at a potential difference of 230 volts

21
Q

The ring circuit

A

Made of live, neutral and earth wires

Sockets are tapped off at points along this ring circuit

22
Q

Fuse

A

Is a safety device that prevents the circuit from overheating
It will melt when it’s too hot, breaking the circuit

23
Q

Circuit breaker

A

Is used in the fuse board of the home, and this trips, to stop the flow of current from entering the house

24
Q

Live wire

A

Is brown and carries most electricity is it connected to the plugs fuse on the right hand side

25
Q

Neutral wire

A

Is blue and is connected to the left hand side

26
Q

Earth wire

A

Is a safety wire, no electricity flows in the earth wire unless the appliance it is attached to becomes “live” e.g. a toaster, in this case the earth wire would carry the current to the earth instead of you electrocuting yourself should you touch the toaster

27
Q

Watt

A

Is the unit of electrical power

28
Q

The ESB charges a fee for the number of

A

Kilowatts (1000 watts) used per hour

29
Q

ESB’s unit of electricity

A

Is the kilowatt hour (kWh)

30
Q

A kilowatt hour

A

Is the electrical energy used by a 1kW appliance running for 1 hour

31
Q

Heating effect

A

Boil water in a kettle, immersion heater, electric cooker, fuse in plug

32
Q

Chemical effect

A

Electroplating cheap metal with more expensive metal e.g. Silver, electrolysis (splitting) of water, mobile phone battery

33
Q

Magnetic effect

A

Electromagnet made with a wire wrapped around a nail, electric motor, speakers, circuit breaker in fuse board

34
Q

Electronics

A

Is the careful and exact control of tiny amounts of electric current

35
Q

Diode

A

Is a component that will allow current to flow in one direction only

36
Q

Forward biased

A

If the positive end of a battery is connected to the positive end of a diode the diode is said to be forward biased and current can flow

37
Q

Reverse biased

A

If the positive end of the battery is connected to the negative end of the diode it is said to be reverse biased and no electricity can flow

38
Q

A diode can be used to

A

Change alternating current into direct current

39
Q

Electronic devices such as radios, tape recorders and calculators

A

Need low voltage direct current

40
Q

Light emitting diodes

A

Is a diode that gives out light when a current flows through it

41
Q

Current will only flow when LED is

A

Forward biased

42
Q

LED’s use only tiny currents so

A

A resister must be connected in series with it

43
Q

LED’s are useful as they are

A

Cheap, reliable and long lasting and use far less current that other light bulbs

44
Q

A light dependent resister

A

Is a resister whose resistance depends on light

45
Q

When light falls on an LDR

A

It’s resistance decreases, this low resistance will allow a current through the circuit

Physics (7 decks)

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