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Physics > Static Electricity > Flashcards

Static Electricity Flashcards

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0
Q

A substance that loses electrons becomes

A

Positively charged

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1
Q

A substance that gains electrons becomes

A

Negatively charged

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2
Q

Like charges

A

Repel

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3
Q

Opposites

A

Attract

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4
Q

If one is charged and the other is not

A

They attract

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5
Q

Atomic structure

A

Nucleus containing protons & neutrons orbited by electrons

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6
Q

When an acetate rod is rubbed with a duster

A

Electrons are transferred from the rod onto the duster making the rod positively charged. With a polythene rod it works the opposite way

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7
Q

Problems with static

A
  • dust and dirt attracted to charged objects

- hair going static if rubbed with synthetic material

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8
Q

How is an atom electrically neutral?

A

The number of positive charges carried by the protons in its nucleus is balanced by the number of negative charges on the electrons in the electron ‘cloud’ around the nucleus

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9
Q

Atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons

A

Isotopes of the element

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10
Q

Gold leaf electroscope

A

Detects electric charge - the greater the amount of charge present, the more the gold leaf sticks up

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11
Q

Why would a polythene strip become charged if rubbed with a wool cloth, but not an aluminium strip?

A

Polythene is an electrical insulator

Aluminium is a metal, and is therefore a conductor

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12
Q

An electric current is a flow of

A

Electrons and ions

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13
Q

How can you tell if an insulator is charged?

2

A

If a plastic rod is rubbed with a duster it attract small pieces of paper
When a ballon is rubbed on a jumper it can stick to a wall

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14
Q

How does a spark occur?

A

If an object is very charged it can force the air to conduct in order to become neutral

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15
Q

Discharging in operating theatres

A

Oxygen and other gases in operating theatres flow through pipes, causing static charge to build up. The floor is made of conducting materials to allow the charges to escape to earth

16
Q

Discharging in flour/saw mills

A

Dust can erupt explosively if there is a spark. Everything is earthed to allow charge to escape

17
Q

Discharging safely when refuelling planes

Long one!!!

A

Petrol moving through pipes and planes moving through air both get charged up
The charge can’t escape due to rubber wheels
Any spark could ignite the fuel
The plane and tanker are connected together by a metal rope/chain which also connects to the ground so any charge can escape safely to earth

18
Q

Current in a series circuit

A

The current is the same at all points in a series circuit

19
Q

Voltage in a series circuit

A

The sum of the voltages across the components = the voltage across the battery

20
Q

Current in a parallel circuit

A
  • Current splits/joins together at junctions
  • current into junction = current out of junction
  • on a particular bran h the current is the same everywhere
21
Q

Direction of electric current in a circuit

A

From positive to negative

22
Q

Electron flow

A

Negative to positive

23
Q

Current

A

Rate of flow of charge

24
Q

Equation for current

A

Current = charge ➗ time

I Q. t

25
Q

Equation for voltage (not ohms law)

A

Voltage = energy ➗ charge

V. =. E. Q

26
Q

Equation for resistance

A

Resistance = voltage ➗ current

R. V. I

27
Q

Resistance measures

A

‘How hard’ it is for electrons to move round a circuit

28
Q

Resistance is high

A

The electrons progress more slowly and current is low

29
Q

Resistance is low

A

Electrons progress more quickly and the current is high

30
Q

A resistor

A

A component that regulates the currents in a circuit

31
Q

Why do we put the correct value of resistor into a circuit

A

To achieve the correct current to operate a particular device

32
Q

The bigger the resistor

A

The slower the current

33
Q

How is lightning formed

4 LONG!!

A
  • within a thundercloud, small bits of ice bump together creating an electrical charge
  • the negative charge is usually closest to earth, causing a positive charge to build up on the ground beneath the cloud
  • the grounds electrical charge concentrates on anything that sticks up
  • the charge streaming from these points eventually connects with the charge reaching down frown the clouds and lightning strikes
34
Q

Which experiments show that there are two types of electric charge?

A

Rubbing Acetate & polythene rods with a duster

Demonstrates both attraction & repulsion

35
Q

Why does your hair stand on end when a van de graaf generator gives you a negative charge

A

Electrons go from generator to hair
Each hair has -ve charge
Like charges repel

Physics (17 decks)

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