States of Matter and Separation Techniques Flashcards
what are intermolecular forces?
attractive forces between molecules which hold the substance together.
what does evaporation separate?
soluble solids from solutions.
what is boiling?
When the liquid is heated, and absorbs more energy and it boils, turning into a gas.
solid - liquid
melting
liquid - gas
evaporation
gas - liquid
condensation
liquid - solid
freezing
what is sublimation?
when a solid turns directly into a gas.
why does hot water evaporate faster than cold water?
- particles have more kinetic energy.
- therefore, can overcome attractive forces (intermolecular) between water molecules.
what is the arrangement and movement of particles in a solid?
- fixed position
- arranged in rows
- all touching
- vibrate
what is the arrangement and movement of particles in a liquid?
- all touching
- no fixed shape
- random arrangement
- take the shape of the container
- flow
what is the arrangement and movement of particles in a gas?
- random arrangement
- not touching
- spread out
- no fixed shape
- flow
- can collide
what is diffusion?
the movement of particles from an area of high conc to an area of low conc.
why does temperature affect diffusion?
heating particles gives them more kinetic energy so they diffuse and spread out quicker.
why does state of matter affect diffusion?
liquids diffuse slower than gases as liquid particles are touching so there is less space for them to move.
why does size and mass of particles affect diffusion?
smaller particles are lighter so travel faster, so smaller particles diffuse further than larger ones in the same time.
in an experiment, a gas jar full of brown bromine gas is separated from a gas jar full of air by a glass plate.
the glass plate is removed. describe and explain the appearance of the gas jars after an hour.
the bromine gas and air particles diffuse and the whole tube will be a light brown colour.
what is an element?
one type of atom either on its own or bonded to the same type of atom.
what is a compound?
a substance made up of 2 or more different types of atoms bonded together.
what is a mixture?
a substance made up of 2 or more atoms covalently bonded together.
can be elements or compounds.
what is filtration used for and give an example?
to separate a liquid and an insoluble solid.
eg water and sand.
the water particles are small enough to fit through the holes in filter paper during filtration, what is the water called?
filtrate.
the sand particles are too big to fit through the holes in the filter paper during filtration, what is the sand called?
residue.
what are 3 uses of filtration?
- sand filters/oil filters
- coffee machines
- draining pasta
