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Chemistry🧪 > Principles of Chemistry DS > Flashcards

Principles of Chemistry DS Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the equation for calculating relative atomic mass?

A

(mass of isotope x % abundance) + (mass of isotope x % abundance) DIVIDED BY 2

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2
Q

what is the charge on an ion of silver?

A

Ag+

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3
Q

what is the charge on an ion of zinc?

A

Zn2+

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4
Q

what is the charge on an ion of hydrogen?

A

H+

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5
Q

what is the charge on an ion of hydroxide?

A

OH-

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6
Q

what is the charge on an ion of ammonium?

A

NH4 +

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7
Q

what is the charge on an ion of carbonate?

A

CO3 2-

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8
Q

what is the charge on an ion of nitrate?

A

NO3 -

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9
Q

what is the charge on an ion of sulphate?

A

SO4 2-

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10
Q

define covalent bond

A

form when 2 non metals react - the atoms share electrons to gain a full outer shell and produce a molecule.

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11
Q

define molecule

A

form when 2 or more atoms chemically bond together.

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12
Q

explain the melting/boiling points in terms of the structure of ionic compounds

A

very high.
this is because of the strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
lots of energy is needed to break them.

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13
Q

can ionic compounds conduct electricity when solid? give a reason

A

no
because ions can’t move freely so can’t carry charge.

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14
Q

can ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten (liquid)? give a reason

A

yes because ions can move freely and therefore can carry charge.

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15
Q

can ionic compounds conduct electricity in a solution? (dissolved in water) give a reason

A

yes because ions can move freely and therefore can carry charge.

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16
Q

what is the structure of an ionic compound and how is the lattice held together?

A
  • ions in an ionic compound arranged in a regular pattern (a lattice structure).
  • there are strong electrostatic attractions between the oppositely charged ions.
  • these are the ionic bonds.
17
Q

define mass number

A

total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

18
Q

define atomic number

A

number of protons in an atom.

19
Q

define relative atomic mass

A

the average mass of all the isotopes of an element.

20
Q

define isotope

A

atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

21
Q

name 3 physical properties of a metal

A

malleable
shiny
high density.

22
Q

name 3 physical properties of a non metal

A

dull
brittle
low density.

23
Q

name 3 chemical properties of a metal

A

high melting point
good conductor of heat
good conductor of electricity.

24
Q

name 3 chemical properties of a non metal

A

low melting point
poor conductor of heat
poor conductor of electricity.

25
Q

elements in each group have the same number of…. and the group tells us….

A

how many outer shell electrons.

26
Q

elements in each period have the same number of…. and the period tells us….

A

number of electron shells.

27
Q

can simple covalent molecules conduct electricity? why/why not?

A

no because they don’t have free electrons or ions to carry charge.

28
Q

define allotrope and give an example

A

different forms of the same element e.g. diamond, graphite, and fullerenes are different forms of carbon.

29
Q

define giant covalent bonding

A

contain many atoms, each joined to adjacent atoms by covalent bonds
in a giant regular lattice.

30
Q

why do giant covalent structures (e.g. diamond and graphite) have high melting points?

A

they have lots of strong covalent bonds that need a lot of energy to break.

31
Q

why can graphite conduct heat and electricity?

A

each carbon atom has one delocalised electron which can carry charge.

32
Q

why can diamond not conduct heat or electricity?

A

there are no free electrons or charged particles to move and carry charge.

33
Q

explain the melting/boiling points of covalent molecules

A
  • have high melting/boiling points
  • because the bonds are very strong due to strong intermolecular forces of attraction between a pair of electrons and the 2 nuclei of the atoms.
34
Q

describe the structure of buckminsterfullerene (C60)

A
35
Q

how does the structure of buckminsterfullerene relate to its properties?

A

Chemistry🧪 (4 decks)

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