States of Matter and Mixtures

Question 1

What are the three states of matter?

Answer 1

Solid, Liquid and Gas.

Question 2

What are the properties of solids?

Answer 2

Very dense, regular pattern, vibrate around a fixed position and low energy.

Question 3

What are the properties of liquids?

Answer 3

A bit dense, random pattern, move around each over and medium energy.

Question 4

What are the properties of gases?

Answer 4

Sparse, random pattern, move around quickly and randomly and high energy.

Question 5

Which of the following states can be compressed?

Answer 5

Gases and liquids. However, liquids are harder to compress. You cannot compress a solid.

Question 6

What are the five ways a state of matter can change into another state of matter.

Answer 6

Freezing, melting, evaporating, condensing and sublimation.

Question 7

What is sublimation?

Answer 7

Where a solid changes straight into a gas or a gas changes straight into a solid.

Question 8

What is needed for something to change it’s state of matter?

Answer 8

Energy.

Question 9

In chemistry, what is a pure substance?

Answer 9

A substance containing ONLY that substance.

Question 10

In chemistry, what is a mixture?

Answer 10

A substance containing several compounds which aren’t chemically joined.

Question 11

Whats the difference of the boiling and melting points of mixtures and pure substances?

Answer 11

The boiling and melting points of pure substances are sharp and precise. The boiling and melting points of mixtures are over a range.

Question 12

What is a solvent?

Answer 12

A liquid in which the solute dissolves in.

Question 13

What is a solution?

Answer 13

A mixture formed by the solute and solvent.

Question 14

What is a solute?

Answer 14

The dissolved substance in a solution.

Question 15

What is filtration?

Answer 15

A separating method where you separate an insoluble substance from a solvent. (e.g. Sand from water)

Question 16

How does filtration work?

Answer 16

The filter paper has tiny holes in it, allowing certain substances to pass through.

Question 17

What is crystallisation and how does it work?

Answer 17

A separating method where you get crystals by evaporating the solvent from the solution.

Question 18

What is simple distillation and how does it work?

Answer 18

It’s a separating method where you separate a solvent from the solution. This is done by evaporating the solvent and then cooling it down. While it’s a gas, it will move into another container and condense into a liquid.

Question 19

Why does simple distillation work?

Answer 19

The solvent has to have a boiling point which is much higher than the other substance.

Question 20

What is fractional distillation?

Answer 20

A separating method where you separate multiple liquids from each other.

Question 21

How does fractional distillation work?

Answer 21

You heat the liquids at the bottom and they rise as vapour. The liquids that you need separating condense when they reach a part of the tube that is cooler than their boiling point. It then cools into another tube and condenses.

Question 22

Why does fractional distillation work?

Answer 22

It works because the different liquids have different boiling points.

Question 23

What is chromatography?

Answer 23

A separating method where you separate solubles from each other. Often the solutes are coloured.

Question 24

What are the two phases of chromatography?

Answer 24

The stationary phase and the mobile phase.

Question 25

What happens in the stationary phase of chromatography?

Answer 25

The paper is placed into the solvent.

Question 26

What happens in the mobile phase of chromatography?

Answer 26

The solvent moves up the paper, carrying substances with it.

Question 27

If the results of a chromatography test contains 1 dot on a line, what does that mean?

Answer 27

That substance was pure.

Question 28

If the results of a chromatography test contains more than 1 dot on a line, what does that mean?

Answer 28

That substance was mixture.

Question 29

How do you calculate Rf value?

Answer 29

Distance travelled by substance / Distance travelled by solvent

Question 30

How would you make seawater safe to drink? Why can’t you do this on a large / mass scale?

Answer 30

You would set it up using simple distillation. You can’t do this on a large scale because it would require a lot of energy.

Question 31

What are the five stages of water cleaning / treatment?

Answer 31

1) Remove large objects, 2) Remove large insoluble particles, 3) Remove small insoluble particles using ammonium sulfate, 4) Remove tiny insoluble particles, 5) Add chlorine to kill micro-organisms.