States of Matter and Mixtures Flashcards
What are the 3 states of matter?
Solid, Liquid and Gas.
The properties of each state of matter depend on…
The forces between the particles.
What are the properties of a Solid?
Particles are in fixed positions in a regular lattice arrangement.
The particles don’t move from their positions.
Don’t have much energy.
Hardly move at all, only vibrate about their fixed positions.
The hotter the solid becomes…
The more they vibrate.
What are the properties of a Liquid?
Particles are free to move past each other, but do tend to stick together.
Don’t keep a definite shape.
More energy than solid but less energy than gas.
Particles are constantly moving with random motion.
The hotter the liquid gets…
The faster they move. Causes liquids to expand slightly when heated.
What are the properties of a Gas?
There’s next to no force of attraction between next to these particles - free to move.
Don’t keep a definite shape or volume.
Gas has more energy than solid and liquid.
Particles move constantly with random motion.
The hotter the gas gets…
The faster they move. Either expand when heated or their pressure increases.
What is a Physical change?
When a substance changes from one state of matter to another.
What is Melting?
When solid turns into liquid due to particles having enough energy to break from their positions.
What is Evaporation?
When liquid turns into gas due to particles having enough energy to break their bonds.
When do chemical changes happen?
During chemical reactions, when bonds between atoms break and the atoms change places.
Why are chemical changes often harder to reverse?
The atoms from the substances you start off with are rearranged to form different substances.
What is a pure substance?
A substance made up of a single element or compound.
What is a mixture?
More than one compound present or different elements that aren’t all part of a single compound.
Every pure substance has a…
Specific melting point and boiling point.
How can you test for Purity using Melting points?
Impure substances will melt over a range of temperatures unlike Pure substances which have a specific melting point.
How to measure the melting point of a substance?
Melting point apparatus.
What experimental technique is used to separate mixtures that contain liquids?
Distillation.
What is simple distillation used for?
Separating out a liquid from a solution.
