States of matter Flashcards
Describe how particles are arranged in solids
in rows and columns, all touching
Describe how particles move in solids
Vibrate in fixed positions
Describe how particles are arranged in liquids
randomly, all touching
Describe how particles move in liquids
randomly swapping places
Describe how particles are arranged in gases
far apart, not touching
Describe how particles move in gases
randomly, in any direction
What happens to movement of particles as temperature increases?
Speed increases
Which change of state takes place during melting
Solid -> liquid
Which change of state takes place during freezing?
liquid -> solid
Which change of state takes place during evaporation?
liquid -> gas
Which change of state takes place during condensation?
gas -> liquid
which change of state takes place during sublimation?
solid -> gas with no liquid state. (Or gas -> solid with no liquid state)
What is a physical change?
A change where nothing new is made. e.g. change of state. Physical changes are easy to reverse.
What is a chemical change?
A change where something new is made e.g. burning. chemical changes are difficult to reverse.
A substance is heated and the temperature measured.What happens to the temperature whilst the substance is changing state?
The temperature stays the same
A substance is heated and the temperature measured.Why does the temperature stay the same whilst it changes state?
Because the energy is being used to break bonds between particles
What is a boiling point?
The temperature where a substance transforms from a liquid to a gas (or a gas to a liquid)
What is a melting point?
The temperature where a substance transforms from a solid to a liquid (or a liquid to a solid)
A substance has a melting point of -23oC and a boiling point of 87oC. What state is it at room temperature (20oC)
Liquid
A substance has a boiling point of 1500oC and a melting point of 857oC. What state is it at room temperature (20oC)
solid
