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C1 topic 2: States of matter and mixtures > Separating mixtures > Flashcards

Separating mixtures Flashcards

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1
Q

What does it mean if a substance is pure?

A

it contains only one type of particle (atom or molecule)

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2
Q

True or false: Only elements are pure substances

A

False- you can have a pure compound, e.g. pure water (H2O)

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3
Q

What is the difference between the melting point of a pure substance and the melting point of a mixture?

A

a pure substance changes state at one temperature, a mixture changes state over a range of temperature

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4
Q

What is filtration used for?

A

To separate insoluble solids from liquids

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5
Q

What equipment do you need for filtration?

A

funnel and filter paper

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6
Q

During filtration, what is the filtrate?

A

The liquid which passes through the filter paper

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7
Q

During filtration, what is the residue?

A

The solid which stays trapped in the filter paper

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8
Q

What is crystallisation used for?

A

Removing a liquid from a solution

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9
Q

What equipment do you need for crystallisation?

A

bunsen burner, evaporating basin, tripod

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10
Q

How does crystallisation work?

A

The water from the solution has a lower boiling point, so evaporates leaving the solid behind

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11
Q

What is simple distillation used for?

A

To separate a liquid and solid from a solution, or to separate two liquids with different boiling points

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12
Q

How does simple distillation work?

A

The mixture is heated. The liquid reaches boiling point and evaporates. The gas travels through the condenser where it cools and condenses to be collected.

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13
Q

What equipment do you need for simple distillation?

A

Bunsen burner, flask, condenser

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the condenser?

A

To cool the evaporated gas so it condenses and can be collected

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15
Q

What is fractional distillation used for?

A

To separate a mixture of lots of liquids with different boiling points

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16
Q

What is needed for fractional distillation?

A

A fractionating column

17
Q

How does fractional distillation work?

A

The mixture is heated to form a mixture of gases. The gases rise up the fractionating column and as they do, they cool. Because they have different boiling points, they condense in different places so can be collected.

18
Q

Which separation technique could be used to separate sand and water?

A

Filtration

19
Q

which separation technique could be used to collect water from sea water?

A

simple distillation

20
Q

Which separation technique could be used to separate the gases in air?

A

fractional distillation

21
Q

Which separation technique could be used to separate copper sulphate crystals from copper sulphate solution?

A

crystallisation

22
Q

What is chromatography used for?

A

separating mixtures of dye

23
Q

How is chromatography carried out?

A

A pencil line is drawn on a piece of chromatography paper and a spot of dye is put on the line. The paper is hung with the end in distilled water. As the water is absorbed up the paper, it takes the dye with it, separating out the different colours

24
Q

Why is the starting line drawn in pencil in chromatography?

A

because pencil is insoluble so it won’t affect the results

25
Q

Why is distilled water used rather than tap water?

A

because distilled water is pure, so doesn’t contain any dissolved substances which could interfere with the results

26
Q

How is the Rf value calculated after chromatogrpahy?

A

Rf=distance travelled by dye/distance traveled by solvent

27
Q

What is the mobile phase of chromatography

A

The part which moves- the dye and the solvent

28
Q

What is the stationary phase of chromatography?

A

The part which doesn’t move- the paper

29
Q

Why does chromatography work?

A

The different dyes have different solubilities and therefore travel at different speeds.

30
Q

What is potable water?

A

Water which is safe to drink

31
Q

What are the 3 stages of making water potable?

A

sedimentation, filtration and chlorination

32
Q

What happens during the sedimentation stage of making potable water?

A

a chemical is added which causes particles to clump together and sink to the bottom of a tank.

33
Q

What happens during the filtration stage of making potable water?

A

The water is passed through layers of fine particles, to remove insoluble particles

34
Q

What happens during the chlorination stage of making potable water?

A

Chlorine is added which kills pathogens (disease causing microorganisms)

C1 topic 2: States of matter and mixtures (2 decks)

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