States of matter

Question 1

Solid properties

Answer 1

strong forces 
fixed positions 
lattice arrangement 
not a lot of energy 
only vibrate

Question 2

why do solids expand when heated?

Answer 2

the particles are vibrating more

Question 3

liquid properties

Answer 3

some force of attraction 
free to move but stay together 
don’t keep definite shape 
have same volume 
more energy

Question 4

why do liquids expand when heated?

Answer 4

the particles move faster

Question 5

gas properties

Answer 5

no force of attraction
free to move
collisions
more energy

Question 6

what happens when a gas is heated?

Answer 6

expand or pressure increases because particles are moving faster with more energy

Question 7

what is subliming?

Answer 7

when a solid changes straight to a gas

Question 8

what happens during chemical reactions?

Answer 8

bonds between atoms break and change places

Question 9

what can you use to measure melting point?

Answer 9

melting point apparatus
water bath
thermometer

Question 10

what is simple distillation used for?

Answer 10

separating a liquid from a solution

Question 11

what is the problem with simple distillation?

Answer 11

it only separates things that have different boiling points

Question 12

what does fractional distillation do?

Answer 12

Separate a mixture of liquids

Question 13

what is filtration used for?

Answer 13

separating an insoluble solid from a liquid

Question 14

what does crystallisation do?

Answer 14

separates a soluble solid from a solution

Question 15

what is chromatography used for?

Answer 15

separating a mixture of soluble solutions

Question 16

what is mobile phase?

Answer 16

where the molecules can move

Question 17

stationary phase

Answer 17

where the molecules can’t move

Question 18

in paper chromatography what is the mobile phase?

Answer 18

the solvent

Question 19

what happens if a solvent doesn’t move?

Answer 19

it means it is insoluble

Question 20

what two things does the amount of time the molecule spends in each phase depend on?

Answer 20

how soluble they are in the solvent

how attracted they are to the stationary phase

Question 21

what happens to molecules with a higher solubility?

Answer 21

spend more time in the mobile phase so will be carried further up paper

Question 22

what chemical do you use to show the colour of the solvent?

Answer 22

locating agent

Question 23

what is a Rf value?

Answer 23

ratio between the distance travelled by the dissolved solute and the distance travelled by the solvent

Question 24

how to calculate Rf value?

Answer 24

distance travelled by solute divided by distance traveled by solvent

Question 25

what are the three sources of water?

Answer 25

surface water
ground water
waste water

Question 26

surface water

Answer 26

from lakes and rivers

Question 27

ground water

Answer 27

from rocks that trap water underground

Question 28

waste water

Answer 28

water that’s been contaminated by human waste

Question 29

How to purify water

Answer 29

filtration
sedimentation
chlorination

Question 30

sedimentation

Answer 30

sulfate is added to make particles clump and sink to bottom

Question 31

chlorination

Answer 31

chlorine gas is bubbles through to kill harmful bacteria

Question 32

disadvantages of distillation

Answer 32

needs lots of energy

really expensive

Question 33

what is deionised water?

Answer 33

water that has had ions from normal water present but removed