States Of Matter Flashcards
What are the three states of matter?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
What are the features of solids?
Particles are very close and cannot be compressed
Fixed vibrating
Very strong forces
What are the features of liquids?
Close particles
Rolling and sliding but not fixed
Strong forces
What are the features of gas?
Particles are far apart
Rapid random motion
Weak forces
What is melting point?
The temperature at which solid melts into liquid Energy is absorbed from surroundings and the bonds between particles weaken Eg water (ice) has a melting point of 0c Melting point is the same as the freezing point At freezing point liquid turns to solid energy is released to surroundings and stronger bonds form between particles
What is the boiling point?
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which there is enough energy for all the liquid to become a gas
Eg water boils at 100C
Energy is transferred from surroundings and particles break free
Particles in a gas have random movement and there is no fixed shape or volume
What does purity/impurity of a substance mean?
If a substance is pure it will melt, freeze or boil at a specific temperature
If it is impure then it will melt, freeze or boil over a range of temperatures eg -2C to 3C
Which events occur at specific temperatures?
Boiling
Freezing
Melting
Which events occur over a range of temperatures?
Evaporation
Condensation
Why does the temperature stay constant at melting and boiling points?
As a solid the temperature increases and the particles vibrate faster
At melting point all the energy is used to loosen the bonds to turn solid into a liquid. When it is all liquid the temperature can rise again up to boiling point
Why do substances have different melting points?
Forces of attraction between substance particles are stronger in some substances than others
Eg water has a maximum temperature of 100C
Naphthalene has a maximum temperature of 218C
What happens when a gas condenses to a liquid?
As gas is cooled energy is transferred to the surroundings from the substance
Particles slow down and form stronger bonds
As liquid particles are free to move over each other but not as freely as gas
What happens when liquid freezes to solid?
Particles are free to move but still very close
Energy transferred to surroundings from substance as temperature cools
Particles slow down and move closer and stronger forces form
Particles form fixed arrangements and vibrate only as solid
