Metallic Bonding

Question 1

Explain the state of metals at room temperature?

Answer 1

Mostly solid except mercury (Hg) which is liquid

The atoms are fixed and vibrate and have a regular pattern

Question 2

What is the effect of the outer ring of electrons in metal atoms?

Answer 2

Outer ring of electrons are delocalised and free to move
Therefore positive ions are left in the lattice
Electrostatic attraction between delocalised electrons and positive ions
This is a metallic bond

Question 3

What are the features of a metallic bonds?

Answer 3

Very strong bond
So high mpt and bpt
Conduct electricity and heat
Delocalised electrons that are free to move and carry the charge

Question 4

What are alloys?

Why are they stronger?

Answer 4

Metals mixed with another element eg steel is iron and carbon
In alloys atoms of other elements distort the layers so the metal atoms can’t slide past each other

Question 5

What is iron like by itself?

Answer 5

Layers of iron can slide past each other so iron is ductile and malleable

Question 6

How does carbon affect this?

Answer 6

Carbon atoms are smaller
When added to the iron layers they cannot slide past each other
So they are stronger

Question 7

What are the problems with dot cross diagram examples?

Answer 7

Dots and crosses both represent electrons but suggest they are different in different elements
Not true

All electrons are the same
The model also doesn’t show how electrons move
Doesn’t show 3D nature of substances

Question 8

What is the problem with the particle model?

Answer 8

Particles are not perfect spheres
Doesn’t show how particles move
Doesn’t show forces between particles

Question 9

What is the empirical formula?

Answer 9

Simplest ratio of elements in a compound
Glucose = C6H12O6 -> CH2O
Ethane = C2H4 -> CH2