Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > states of matter > Flashcards

states of matter Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

whats the process called to get a solid to a liquid

A

melting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

liquid to gas

A

evaporating/boiling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

gas to liquid

A

condensing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

liquid to solid

A

freezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gas to solid

A

desposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

solid to gas

A

sublimation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

name 5 characteristics of solids

A

strong, definite shape, regular arrangement of particles, cant be compressed, definite volume, very dense, strong attractive forces, little particle movement, particles in fixed position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

name 5 characteristics of liquids

A

little strength, no definite shape, random arrangement of particles, cant be compressed, definite volume, constant random motion, particles free to move, quite dense, weaker attractive forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

name 5 characteristics of a gas

A

no strength, no definite shape, random arrangement of particles, can be compressed, no definite volume, constant rapid and random motion, particles free to move, low density, no forces of attraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what do solid and liquid particles have in common

A

they both cant be compressed, have a definite volume,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do liquid and gas particles have in common

A

no definite shape, random arrangement of particles, particles free to move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what do solid and gas particles have in common

A

nothingggg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what happens during chemical reactions

A

bonds between atoms break and the atoms change places

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does pure mean

A

made up of a single element or compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a mixture

A

if you have got more than one compound present or different element that aren’t part of a single compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does every pure substance have

A

a sharp melting and boiling point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what will impure substances have

A

it will melt/boil over a range of temperatures

18
Q

what is simple distillation used for

A

separating a liquid from a solution

19
Q

how would you carry out simple distillation

A

1 - pour your mixture into a distillation flask
2- put distillation flask on top of bunson burner. at the end of the condensing tube put a jug for the substance to go into
3-heat the mixture
4-the vapour passes through the condenser where it coolsand condenses back to a liquid and goes into the jug where it is collected

20
Q

what is the problem with simple distillation

A

you can only use it to separate substances with very different boiling points

21
Q

what is fractional distillation used for

A

separating a mixture of liquids

22
Q

how would you carry out fractional distillation

A

1-put mixture in flask. attach a fractioning columnand condenser above the flask
2-heat the flask. the liquids will have different boiling temperatures so will evaporate at different times
3-liquids with lower boiling points evaporate first when the thermometer shows the temperature
4-liquids with higher boiling points might also start to evaporate

23
Q

what is the last stage of fractional distillation

A

5- when the first liquid has been collected raise the temperature until the next one reaches the top

24
Q

what is filtration used for

A

used to separate insoluble solid from a liquid

25
Q

how would you carry out filtration

A

put some filter paper into a funnel and pour your mixture into it

26
Q

what is crystallistaion used for

A

to separate a soluble solid from a solution

27
Q

how would you carry out crystallisation

A

1-pour solution into evaporating dish and heat
2-when you see crystals start to form romove dish from heat and leave it to cool
3-it should start to form crystals as it becomes insoluble in the cold.
4- filter the crystals out of the solution and leave them to dry

28
Q

what is chromatography used for

A

a method of separating a mixture of soluble substances and identifyimg them

29
Q

what are the 2 phases of chromotography

A

mobile phase - when the molecules can move

stationary phase - when the molecules csnt move

30
Q

how would you carry out a chromatography experiment

A

1- draw a pencil line near the bottom of the paper. this is the baseline. put a spot of the mixture that needs ro be separated on the line
2-put some solvent into the beaker and dip the bottom of the paper into the solvent but not the spot
3-put a watch glass on top of the paper to stop the solvent from evaporating
4-the solvent will move up the paper and so ill the mixture when it dissolves.
5-you will see different chemicals from the sample separate out forming spots at different places on the paper
6-remove paper from beaker before it gets to the top . mark the distance the solvent has moved (the solvent front)

31
Q

what is an Rf value

A

the ratio between the distance travelled by the substance and the distance travelled by the solvent

32
Q

what is the Rf formula

A

distance travelled by solute
Rf=————————————————-
distance travelled by solvent

33
Q

how do you find the distance travelled by the solute

A

measure from the baseline to the centre of the spot

34
Q

Why is chromatography used

A

To see if a substance is present in a mixture

35
Q

Where do we get our potable water from

A

Surface water,ground water and waste water

36
Q

Where do you get surface water from

A

Lakes, rivers and reservoir

37
Q

Where do you get ground water from

A

Aquifers (rocks that trap that water underground)

38
Q

What are the three stages of water treatment

A

Filtration - a wire mash screens out large twigs and then gravel and bits of sand
Sedimentation- iron surface or aluminium sulfate is added, this makes fine particles clump together and settle at the bottom
Chlorination - chlorine is added to kill harmful bacteria

39
Q

What can you distill to get potable water

A

Sea water

40
Q

What type of water should you use in a chemical analysis

A

Pure water

Chemistry (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions