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Chemistry > Fuels And Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

Fuels And Hydrocarbons Flashcards

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1
Q

How is crude oil separated

A

Fractional distillation

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2
Q

What do longer hydrocarbons have

A

Higher boiling points, harder to ignite, has a higher viscosity, stronger intermolecular forces

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3
Q

How many hydrocarbons/ what’s the boiling point of bitumen

A

120 hydrocarbons

350 degrees is its boiling point

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4
Q

How many hydrocarbons/ what’s the boiling point of diesel

A

40 hydrocarbons

250 - 300 degrees

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5
Q

How many hydrocarbons/ what’s the boiling point of paraffin

A

12 hydrocarbons

180 - 220

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6
Q

How many hydrocarbons/ what’s the boiling point of petrol (gasoline)

A

8 hydrocarbons

25 - 60 degrees

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7
Q

How many hydrocarbons/ what’s the boiling point of naphtha

A

10 hydrocarbons

60 - 180 degrees

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8
Q

How many hydrocarbons/ what’s the boiling point of liquid petroleum gas

A

3 hydrocarbons

25 degrees

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9
Q

How many hydrocarbons/ what’s the boiling point of fuel oil

A

20 hydrocarbons

220 - 250 degrees

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10
Q

How many hydrocarbons/ what’s the boiling point of lubricating oil

A

80 hydrocarbons

300 - 350 degrees

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11
Q

Name the first 5 alkanes

A

Methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentane

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12
Q

What’s the alkane formula

A

CnH2n+2

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13
Q

Name the chemical symbols for the first 5 alkanes

A 
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
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14
Q

Name the first 5 alkenes

A

Ethene, propene, butene, pentene and hexene

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15
Q

What is the alkene formula

A

CnH2n

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16
Q

Name the chemical symbol for the first 5 alkenes

A 
C2H4
C3H6
C4H8
C5H10
C6H12
17
Q

Is it alkenes or alkanes that are saturated

A

Alkanes - saturated

Alkenes - not saturated

18
Q

When do combustion reactions happen

A

When hydrocarbons burn in oxygen

19
Q

When does incomplete combustion occur

A

When hydrocarbons burn in a limited supply of oxygen

20
Q

What’s the formula for complete combustion

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water

21
Q

What’s the formula for incomplete combustion

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon + carbon monoxide + water

22
Q

What’s bad about carbon monoxide

A

Can combine with red blood cells and can stop your blood from doing its proper job which can lead to fainting coma or even death

23
Q

What can be released in to the atmosphere and be left behind after incomplete combustion

A

Tiny particles of carbon can be released and it can leave soot

24
Q

What releases surfer dioxide and nitrogen oxides when burned and causing acid rain

A

Fossil fuels

25
Q

How does acid rain occur

A

When soulful dioxide mixes with clouds forming sulfuric acid

26
Q

What does acid rain do

A

Cause lakes to come acidic, kills plants and animals and tree, damages limestone building and stone statues and causes metal to corrode

27
Q

How are nitrogen oxides created

A

Reaction between nitrogen and oxygen in the air caused by energy released by combustion reactions

28
Q

What can nitrogen oxide cause

A

Photochemical smog -type of air pollution that can cause breathing difficulties, headaches and tiredness

29
Q

What can hydrogen also be used for

A

To power vehicles

30
Q

What r the pros of hydrogen

A

Clean, doesn’t have any pollutants, renewable

31
Q

What r the cons of hydrogen

A

Expensive, pollutants as fossil fuels are burned for it to be manifactured

32
Q

What does cracking do

A

Splits up long chain hydrocarbons

33
Q

What is used to speed cracking up

A

A catalyst

34
Q

Describe the cracking process

A

Vaporise hydrocarbons which is then passed onto a catalyst (aluminium oxide) at about 400 - 700 degrees. The long chain molecules split apart on the surface of bits of catalyst

Chemistry (4 decks)

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