States Of Matter

Question 1

What properties do liquids have?

Answer 1

Water is a liquid and its shape changes to that of the container in which it is kept. Like solids, liquids take up a fixed amount of space. If a liquid is poured into a glass, it will take up the shape of the glass. If you continue to pour, it will eventually overflow onto the bench or floor.

Question 2

What properties do gases have?

Answer 2

Gases spread out and will not stay in a container unless it has a lid. Gases move around, taking up all of the available space. This movement is called diffusion. Gases unlike solids and liquids, can be compressed, making them take up less space. An inflated balloon can be compressed by squeezing it.

Question 3

What is the unit for measuring small volumes such as liquid medicines?

Answer 3

mL

Question 4

How do you measure mass?

Answer 4

Mass is measured with an electronic scale or beam balance.

Question 5

Are plasticine and play dough solids or liquids? Why?

Answer 5

They are solids because they are only able to change shape using force. Liquids are able to change shape without the use of compressional force.

Question 6

What is diffusion?

Answer 6

Diffusion is when gases move around and take all of the available space.

Question 7

Can a solid behave like a liquid?

Answer 7

Yes, for example;

Salt, sand and sugar can be poured and their shape changes to that of the container in which they are kept.

Question 8

What is states of matter?

Answer 8

Every substance in the universe is made up of matter that can exist in a number of different forms called states. Almost all matter on Earth exists in three different states: solid, liquid and gas. These states of matter have very different properties. That is, they are different in the way they behave and appear.

Question 9

What properties do solids have?

Answer 9

Solids such as ice have a very definite shape that cannot easily be changed. They take up a fixed amount of space and are generally not able to be compressed. Most solids cannot be poured, but there are some, such as salt, sand and sugar, that can be.

Question 10

Definition of diffusion

Answer 10

The spreading of one substance through another due to the movement of their particles.

Question 11

Definition of condensing.

Answer 11

Condensation is the opposite of evaporation. If a gas comes into contact with a cold surface, it can turn into a liquid.

Question 12

Definition of Sublimation

Answer 12

The change in state for a solid into a gas (or from a gas into a solid) without first becoming a liquid.

Question 13

Definition of evaporation.

Answer 13

Evaporation occurs when a liquid changes into a gas.

Question 14

Definition of Freezing.

Answer 14

The change of state from a liquid to a solid is called freezing. A liquid turns into a solid when heat is transferred away from it.

Question 15

Definition of melting.

Answer 15

The change of state from solid to liquid is called melting. A solid melts when heat is transferred to it.

Question 16

Describe the properties and physical behaviour of solids, liquids and gases

Answer 16

Solids- definite shape, take up a fixed amount of space, generally not able to be poured.
Liquids- shape changes to that of a container of which it is kept, take up a fixed amount of space, take up shape of glass if it is poured into it.
Gases- spread out and won’t stay in container, take up all available space, move around.

Question 17

Define fluid

Answer 17

A substance that flows and has no fixed shape. Gases and liquids are fluids.

Question 18

What is the volume of solids?

Answer 18

Measured in cubic metres (m3) or cubic centimetres (cm3)

Question 19

What is the volume of fluids?

Answer 19

The volume of fluids is measured in millimetres (mL). One millimetre occupies the same volume as 1 cm3

Question 20

How is mass measured?

Answer 20

Mass is measured with an electronic scale or beam balance.

Question 21

Define boiling

Answer 21

During boiling, the change from liquid to gas (evaporation) happens quickly. The entire substance is heated. A liquid remains at boiling point until it has all turned into gas.

Question 22

What happens to the substance when the heat has been removed?

Answer 22

Particles move more slowly
Distance between particles gets smaller
The attraction between the particles increases

Question 23

What happens to a substance when we add heat to it?

Answer 23

Particles move faster
Distance between particles increases
The attraction between the particles decreases

Question 24

Relate changes of state to heating and cooling.

Answer 24

Heating-particles move faster, distance between particles increases, attraction between particles decreases
Cooling- particles move more slowly, distance between particles gets smaller, attraction between the particles increases.

Question 25

Define melting point

Answer 25

The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.

Question 26

Define boiling point

Answer 26

The temperature at which a substance boils. Changes from a liquid to a gas or gas into liquid.

Question 27

List the four major assumptions of the particle model of matter

Answer 27

1. all substances are made up of tiny particles
2. The particles are attracted towards other surrounding particles
3. The particles are always moving
4. The hotter the substance is, the faster the particles move.

Question 28

What is a meteorologist?

Answer 28

Scientist who uses observation of the atmosphere to predict or explain the weather.

Question 29

What is a scientist called who studies the weather?

Answer 29

Meteorologist

Question 30

How is rain formed?

Answer 30

Rain forms when water vapour condenses in cold air, forming tiny droplets of water. These droplets are so small that they are kept up be moving air, forming clouds. As the droplets join together, they become too heavy to remain in the air. They fall to the ground as rain.

Question 31

How is hail formed?

Answer 31

If drops of rain freeze, they may form hailstones.

Question 32

How is snow formed?

Answer 32

Snow consists of crystals of ice that have frozen slowly in clouds. Many different shapes and patterns can be found in snowflakes.

Question 33

How is sleet formed?

Answer 33

Sleet is snow that is melting or raindrops that are not yet completely frozen. Sleet forms when the air between the clouds and the ground is warm enough to melt ice.

Question 34

When was the first weather balloon launched?

Answer 34

1882

Question 35

What is humidity a measure of?

Answer 35

Humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapour in the air.

Question 36

When was the flying machine invented?

Answer 36

1903

Question 37

What are the two most commonly used thermometers?

Answer 37

Mercury and amyl alcohol

Question 38

Name a substance that can be found in all three states at normal temperatures.

Answer 38

Water

Question 39

A substance changing from solid to liquid

Answer 39

Melting

Question 40

A substance changing from gas to liquid

Answer 40

Condensing

Question 41

A substance changing from liquid to solid

Answer 41

Freezing

Question 42

A substance changing from solid to gas

Answer 42

Sublimation

Question 43

Core temperature of the human body

Answer 43

37 degrees Celsius

Question 44

Where do expansion of particles is allowed for?

Answer 44

Architects and engineers allow for expansion and contraction of materials when designing bridges and buildings. Bridges have gaps at each end of large sections so that in hot weather, when the metal and concrete expand, they will not buckle.

Question 45

Define liquid.

Answer 45

State of matter that has a fixed volume, but no fixed shape. Liquid is a fluid.

Question 46

Define solid.

Answer 46

State of matter that has a fixed shape and volume.

Question 47

Define gas.

Answer 47

State of matter with no fixed shape or volume.