states of matter Flashcards
what is an intensive property
a substance which remains the same value regardless of the amount of matter
what is Boyles law
for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature
what is Charles law
for a fixed amount of gas at constant volume
when is the only time gas molecules interact
when making a perfectly elastic collision
the energy of gas is entirely ____
kinetic
force =
Δp/Δt
pressure =
F/A
what is the most probable speed (s*)
✔️2RT/M
what is the mean speed <s-></s->
✔️8RT/piM
what is the root mean square speed (rms) ✔️<s^2>
✔️3RT/M
what can the mean speed be used to predict
- frequency of collisions
- mean free path
- total collision frequency
what is the number of collisions made by a single molecule A per unit time - on formula sheet
Za = sigma …
what is the mean free path formula - on formula sheet
lamda = …
what is the equation for the gravitational potential for force
F = Gm1m2 / R^2
what is the equation for the gravitational potential for energy
V = -Gm1m2 / R
the gravitational potential equations only hold for …
two individual particles which have a mass.
outside the collision volume, the potential energy of interaction is ____
zero
what is there Lennard jones formula and what is it for
V(R) = 4e []
it describes both the attraction and repulsion of particles.
what is a phase
a state of matter that is uniform throughout.
what is a component
a chemically indépendant constituent of a system
the most stable phase has the most ____ Gibbs energy.
negative
what is the Clapeyron equation - formula sheet
Δp/Δt = ΔH/TΔV
how do you work out the gradient of a coexistence line
the sign of the change in volume on melting
what are anti-bumping granules for ?
they add a rough surface to lower the energy required to form bubbles, hence reducing the possibility of superheating the liquid above the boiling point.
what is a supercritical fluid
when the gas and liquid reach the critical temperature and they have equal density.
what is there critical temperature
the highest temperature at which the liquid phase can exist
what are the SI units for s
kg mol-1
