d orbitals shielding

Question 1

what are the 2 exceptions to the orbital filling rule

Answer 1

Cr and Cu, due to the fat the half and fully filled d shells are much more stable.

Question 2

number of d electrons =

Answer 2

group number - oxidation state

(4s are lost before 3d)

Question 3

as charge increases, all electrons become ____ stabilised due to ____

Answer 3

more stabilised due to less shielding.

Question 4

the poor shielding by d-electrons leads to …

Answer 4

an increase in nuclear charge felt by a valence electron.

Question 5

what are the 3 consequences of the poor fielding from the d-electrons ?

Answer 5

1. valence electrons become harder to lose with increasing group number
2. the radius decreases with the group number, the high nuclear charge pulls the valence electron closer.
3. the atomic radii of the 4p elements are much smaller than the trend from 2p to 3p would suggest. (d-block contraction) .

Question 6

higher oxidation states become more…

Answer 6

oxidising ( easily gain electrons)

Question 7

lower oxidation states become more …

Answer 7

reducing (easily lose electrons)

Question 8

the lower the E0, the more ____ power the reaction has

Answer 8

reducing

Question 9

oxides become more basic as the oxidation state ____

Answer 9

decreases