States Of Matter

Question 1

Describe the particle formation within a solid

Answer 1

Strong forces of attraction which hold the particles in fixed positions to form a regular lattice
Particles vibrate about their position
Solids keep a definite shape and volume

Question 2

Describe the formation of liquids

Answer 2

Weak forces of attraction causing the particles to be free to move and randomly arranged
Definite volume but not a definite shape and will fill a container
They flow

Question 3

Describe the formation of a gas

Answer 3

Very weak forces of attraction and particles are free to move far apart
Gases do not keep a definite shape or volume
Heating and increased pressure increases their rate of movement

Question 4

How can potassium manganate and water be used to observe diffusion

Answer 4

Take a beaker of water and place some potassium manganate in the bottom, the purple colour slowly spreads to fill the container
The purple colour of potassium manganate diffuses out among the water particles

Question 5

What is dilution

Answer 5

When particles spread even further apart causing a large decrease in particle concentration
E.g. adding enough water to potassium manganate particles causes the particles to spread further apart.

Question 6

How can ammonia and hydrogen chloride be used to observe diffusion

Answer 6

Set up a cotton wool soaked in aqueous ammonia on one side of a glass tube and set up another cotton wool soaked in HCL on the other side
The ring of ammonium chloride will form closer to the HCL due to the ammonia particles being smaller and lighter than those of the HCL, causing increased diffusion

Question 7

How can bromine gas and air be used to observe diffusion

Answer 7

Fill half a gas jar with bromine gas and the other half with air
Separate the gasses with a glass plate
When you remove the plate, you will observe the brown bromine particles diffuse through the air